面试宝典之C++虚函数虚继承.docxVIP

虚函数和虚继承及其在内存中布局1.虚函数一般类的布局class A{public:int m_pbl;protected:int m_prt;private:int m_prv;public:void fun() // 不在堆栈中占空间{cout Its fun. endl;}};1 class Asize(12):1 +---1 0| m_pbl1 4| m_prt1 8| m_prv1 +---1.1 单个类1.1.1 单个虚函数class A{public:int m_pbl;protected:int m_prt;private:int m_prv;public:void virtual f1(){cout Its f1. endl;}};2 class Asize(16):2 +---2 0| {vfptr} // 虚表指针2 4| m_pbl2 8| m_prt2 12| m_prv2 +---2 2 A::$vftable@: // 虚表2 | A_meta2 | 02 0| A::f12 2 A::f1 this adjustor: 01.1.2 多个虚函数class A{public:int m_pbl;protected:int m_prt;private:int m_prv;public:void virtual f1(){cout Its f1. endl;}void virtual f2(){cout Its f2. endl;}};1 class Asize(16):1 +---1 0| {vfptr}1 4| m_pbl1 8| m_prt1 12| m_prv1 +---1 1 A::$vftable@: // 同一张表中1 | A_meta1 | 01 0| A::f11 1| A::f21 1 A::f1 this adjustor: 01 A::f2 this adjustor: 01.2 继承1.2.1 不加函数class B : public A{};1 class Bsize(16):1 +---1 | +--- (base class A)1 0| | {vfptr}//同一个指针1 4| | m_pbl1 8| | m_prt1 12| | m_prv1 | +---1 +---1 1 B::$vftable@: // B的虚表1 | B_meta1 | 01 0| A::f11 1| A::f21.2.2 子类override父类的函数class B : public A{public:void f1(){cout Its f1 in B. endl;}};1 class Bsize(16):1 +---1 | +--- (base class A)1 0| | {vfptr} 1 4| | m_pbl1 8| | m_prt1 12| | m_prv1 | +---1 +---1 1 B::$vftable@:1 | B_meta // B用来标识类1 | 01 0| B::f1 // 变成了B的版本1 1| A::f21 1 B::f1 this adjustor: 01.2.3 子类添加虚函数class B : public A{public:void f1(){cout Its f1 in B. endl;}void virtual f3(){cout Its f3. endl;}};1 class Bsize(16):1 +---1 | +--- (base class A)1 0| | {vfptr} //合成一个表1 4| | m_pbl1 8| | m_prt1 12| | m_prv1 | +---1 +---1 1 B::$vftable@:1 | B_meta1 | 01 0| B::f11 1| A::f21 2| B::f3 // 添加到虚表的尾部，类标识为B1 1 B::f1 this adjustor: 01 B::f3 this adjustor: 01.2.4 多继承class A{private:int m_data;public:void virtual f1(){cout Its f1. endl;}};class B{public:void virtual f1(){cout Its f1 in B. endl;}};class C : public A, public B{};1 class Csize(12):1 +---1 | +--- (base class A)1 0| | {vfptr}1 4| | m_data1 | +---1 | +--- (base class B)