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- 约1.1万字
- 约 57页
- 2017-03-25 发布于广东
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* * * * * * * 自然疫源地(Natural endemic focus) In some forest and desert the parasitic zoonoses transmit among vertebrate, which areas is called natural endemic focu 转续宿主(Paratenic host or transport host) The larva of some parasites can invade a non-normal host, but can not develop, and only keep the larva stage. If the larva enter a normal definitive host, it can continue to develop into adult worm. The non-normal host is a called paratenic host or transport host. 寄生虫病特点: 寄生虫感染与带虫感染(infection and carrier) 慢性感染与隐性感染/机会感染率(chronic infection suppressive infection/ opportunistic infection) 多寄生现象(polyparasitism) 幼虫移行症(larva migrans): helminthic larva Toxocara canis(犬弓首线虫) Angiostrongylus cantonensis(广州管圆线虫) Pagumogonimus skrjabini(斯氏狸殖吸虫) 异位寄生(ectopic parasitism) Paragonimus westermani :脑或其它肺外组织 Schistosoma japonicum :脑/肺 Entamoeba histolytica :肠外阿米巴病 (Extraintestinal amoebiasis) Enterobius vermicularis(pinworm) female reproductive tract(vaginitis 阴道炎/endometritis(子宫内膜炎) 寄生虫感染与寄生虫病的特点: 以带虫者、慢性感染和隐性感染为主1.带虫者( Carrier) 定义:体内有病原体,但无明显症状 如:阿米巴、疟疾、丝虫 重要的传染源 2.慢性感染(chronic stage):血吸虫 3.隐性感染(suppressive infection):机会致病寄生原虫— 如肺孢子虫,弓形虫等,在宿主体内通常处于隐性感染状态,但当宿主免疫功能受累时,可出现异常增殖且致病力增强 幼虫移行症和异位寄生 1.幼虫移行症 Larva migration 蠕虫幼虫 非正常宿主 不能发育为成虫 皮肤幼虫移行症Cutaneous larva migrans(CLM) 内脏幼虫移行症Visceral larva migrans(VLM) 2.异位寄生 Ectopic parasitism 血吸虫 卫氏并殖吸虫 蛲虫 寄生虫与宿主的相互作用:(一)寄生虫对宿主的作用 1.夺取营养:养料、血液、引起腹泻 2.机械性损伤:梗阻(丝、损伤、压迫 3.毒性和抗原物质的作用: 分泌物、排泄物 4.寄生虫对宿主的损害是多因素的: 贫血:钩虫(缺铁性microcytic hypochromatic anemia)、利什曼、疟原虫 5.寄生虫对宿主的损害是多部位:脑、肺、肝(二)宿主对寄生虫的影响主要表现就是免疫 免疫 (一)先天性免疫/固有免疫(innate immunity):皮肤、粘膜、吞噬细胞、体液因素 固有免疫(TLR。。。) (二)获得性免疫(adoptive immunity): 1.抗原的特点:复杂性、多源性、特异性 2.循环抗原 Circulating antigen 3.免疫类型: (1)消除性免疫 Sterilizing immunity (2)非消除性免疫: 带虫免疫( premunition) 疟原虫 伴随免疫(concomitant
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