商业研究方法.pptVIP

Chapter TwoAPPLYING SCIENTIFIC THINKING TO MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS Sources of Knowledge Empiricists attempt to describe, explain, and make predictions through observation Rationalists believe all knowledge can be deduced from known laws or basic truths of nature Authorities serve as important sources of knowledge, but should be judged on integrity and willingness to present a balanced case The Essential Tenets of Science Direct observation of phenomena Clearly defined variables, methods, and procedures Empirically testable hypotheses Ability to rule out rival hypotheses Statistical justificatio