2006-06英语四级真题.pptVIP

学位英语语法易错点汇总 一、定语从句 ??? 引导定语从句的关系代词有that, which, who（宾格whom），所有格whose）和关系副词 where when why 等，关系代词或关系副词在定语从句中充当一个成分，关系代词that，which, who, whom等在从句中分别作主语或宾语，whose在从句中作定语，而关系副词when, where, why等在从句中作状语。 ①I will never forget the days when/in which we worked together. 表示时间的名词the days在从句中充当的是状语，所以用关系副词when来代指，引导定语从句修饰先行词the days ②I will never forget the days which/that we spent together. 表示时间的名词the days在从句中充当的是动词spent的宾语，所以用关系代词that或which来代指。 表示地点或原因的名词如果在从句中作状语，则用关系副词where 或why来代指； 如果在从句中作动词的宾语，则用which或that来代替。 ①This is the factory where/in which I worked. （作状语） ??? ②This is the factory that/which I visited years ago. （作宾语） 注：当先行词为time, reason, place时，引导词可以省略。 ??? ①This was the first (when/what) I had serious trouble with my boss. ??? ②That is the reason (why) I did it. ??? ③This is the place (where) we met yesterday. 另外，定语从句中谓语动词的数应与先行词的数相一致。 ①Mr. Jackson is the only foreigner that is present at the party. 先行词foreigner被only修饰，强调只有一个，所以从句中谓语动词用单数形式 ②He is one of the students who were praised by the teacher. who引导的定语从句修饰先行词the students，为复数，所以从句谓语动词应为复数。 二 名词性从句中的易错点 （一）that引导的定语从句与同位语从句 ??? 定语从句与前面的的名词是修饰与被修饰的关系，“……的名词”，而同位语从句是用来说明前面名词的内容。与that从句同位的名词必须是一些表示事实或概念的抽象名词，如fact, news, belief, truth, reply等。That在定语从句中必须作成分，可用which或who/whom代替，而that在同位语从句中不充当任何句子成分，只起连接作用。 ①Along with the letter was his promise that he would visit me this coming Christmas. that引导同位语从句解释说明promise的内容，that不充当任何句子成分，只起连接作用 ②Do you still remember the chicken farm that we visited three months ago. that在其引导的定语从句中作动词visited的宾语，对先行词the chicken farm起修饰作用。 （二）名词性从句中，关于it作形式主语和形式宾语的易错点 1) 名词性从句作主语或宾语时，为保持句子平衡，常用it作形式主语或形式宾语。 It’s a pity that he don’t come to give a speech. （形式主语） We think it possible that you can finish the job today. （形式宾语） 2）谓语动词 appreciate, dislike, hate, like, love, make等接由if或when 引导的宾语从句时往往在从句前加上形式宾语it. I would appreciate it if you could come to my birthday party. 3）动词hare, take, hide, punish, put等,后接由that 引导的病因从句式，往往在从句前加形式宾语it. ① I take it that you will be leaving Shangh