华农张应强微经整理讲义.doc

Chapter1 Basic Elements of Supply and Demand 一、The Demand Schedule/Curve需求曲线 1.The demand schedule or curve or demand denotes the relationship between price and quantity demanded ,other things being constant. 需求曲线表示的是在其他因素不变的情况下,价格和需求量之间的关系。 2.Law of downward-slopping demand :when the price of a commodity is raised ,buyers tend to buy less of the commodity ,in other words ,the price and quantity are inversely related ,other things held constant. 需求曲线下降理论:当一种商品的价格升高时,购买者购买该商品的数量会减少;换句话说,当其他因素不变时,商品的需求量和价格之间成反方向变动关系。 P D D A A B Q 3.Behind the Demand Curve Factors affecting the demand curve 影响需求曲线的因素 (1)Average income 消费者收入水平 (2)Population 消费者数量 (3)Price of related goods(substitutes/complements) 相关商品的价格 (4)Tastes or Preference 消费者的偏好 (5)Special influence 特殊因素的影响 注:当研究某一因素对需求曲线的影响时,其他因素假定不变。 4.A Change in Demand and Quantity Demanded 需求的变化和需求量的变化 (1)An increase in demand(需求增加的变化):a rightward shift in the demand curve(D—D) or an increase at the amount demanded at each price 需求曲线向右移动或者是每个价格上增加的需求量 (2)An increase in quantity demanded(需求量增加的变化):moving to the different point on the same demand curve after a change(A—B) 在同一条曲线上移动到不同的位置上 二、The Supply Schedule 供给曲线 1.The supply schedule or curve or supply denotes the relationship between the price and the quantity that producers are willing to produce ,other things being constant. 供给曲线表示的是生产者在一定时期内在各种可能的价格下愿意而且能够提供出售的该种商品的数量。 2.When the price of a commodity is raised ,producers tend to produce more of the commodity ,in other words ,the price and quantity are positive related ,other things being constant. 当一种商品的价格上升时,生产者会趋向于生产更多的该商品。 P S S B A A Q1 Q2 Q 3.Behind the Supply Curve Factors affecting the supply curve 影响供给曲线的因素 (1)The cost of production 生产的成本 ----the prices of inputs 投入成本 ----Technological advances 技术上的花费 (2)Prices of substitutes 相关商品的价格 (3)Government policy 政府政策 (4)Special influence(Eg. weather) 特殊因素的影响 4.A change in supply and quantity supplied 供给的变化和供给量的变化 (1)An in

文档评论(0)

1亿VIP精品文档

相关文档