lecture 1 grammar.ppt

Introduction Grammatical Hierarchy Introduction What is grammar? Why is grammar course arranged for English majors? Grammatical hierarchy Sentence Clause Phrase Word Morpheme An Example ★The man hit a ball. ★These undergraduates are rapidly improving in their writing. Morpheme ★ Free morpheme ★ Bound morpheme ●Free morpheme simple word compound word Bound morpheme ★affix inflectional affix derivational affix prefix suffix allomorph ★combining form Important and efficient way to learn new words Can you guess the meaning of following words? Biosphere Insectifuge Homogeneous Omniscient Pseudoscience thermometer Word Simple word Derivative Compound word Function word preposition pronoun determiner conjunction auxiliary Content word noun adjective adverb main verb Cardinal numeral ordinal numeral interjection The importance of word class Interpreter –translator-interpret-translate Who is going to chair the meeting this afternoon? He always eyes his sister with a mixture of envy and awe. Phrase Noun Phrase Verb Phrase finite verb phrase non-finite verb phrase Adjective Phrase Adverb phrase Propositional Phrase The Chuck Theory Like so many others, the little tramp and his friend have rushed there in search of gold, but without success. Instead they are hiding in a small hut on the edge of a mountain during a snowstorm with nothing to eat. Chunks: like so many others, in search of, hiding in a small hut, on the edge of, during a snowstorm, nothing to eat Clause What is a clause? Clause and sentence Independent clause dependent clause /subordinate clause Simple clause complex clause Main clause subordinate clause Finite clause non-finite clause verbless clause Sentence Full sentence mi