功能性乳制品--第一章研究报告.pptx

Chapter 1Dairy components in weight management:a broad perspective Contents 1.Introduction 2.Components from skimmed milk and weight loss 3.Obesity-induced diseases, weight loss and low-fat dairy products 4.Purified components to enhance weight management 5.Conclusions Components from skimmed milk and weight loss --Calcium and weight loss 2 mechanisms have been proposed to explain calciums impact on weight and fat loss in the body: (1) reduced absorption of fatty acids and (2) metabolic shifts in adipocytes that reduce lipogenesis and increase lipolysis Mechanism 1 A randomized crossover study evaluated the short-term effect of dietary calcium on fat absorption. A total of 10 subjects consumed a low calcium and normal protein diet, a high calcium normal protein diet or a high calcium and high protein diet. The high calcium normal protein showed a 2.5-fold increase in fecal fat excretion compared to the other two diets. 受试者 随机分组 试验治疗 对照治疗 洗脱期 对照治疗 试验治疗 统计分析 研究结论 交叉实验 Another study compared the absorption of cocoa butter with calcium (900 mg/day) or without calcium in a chocolate supplement. In this randomized,double blind, crossover study 10 men were fed control diets with or without the calcium supplemented chocolate. The results of the study showed a 2-fold increase in fecal fat excretion and a 9% decrease in absorbable energy. These two studies both obtained similar fecal fat values (8.4 g/day and 8.2 g/day) with an increase of calcium per day of 900 mg/day and 1261 mg/day respectively. Decreasing fat absorption results in less available energy to the body. Mechanism 2 The second proposed mechanism by which calcium enhances fat loss is an indirect influence on fat lipolyis or lipogenesis through calcitrophic hormone regulation. Calcitrophic hormones respond to dietary levels of calcium.Particularly, 1, 25 dihydroxy-vitamin D is up-regulated when dietary calcium is low and down-regulated when dietary calcium is h