纤维素酶产生菌的研究进展.docxVIP

课程论文课题名称 纤维素酶产生菌的研究进展 专业名称2013级生物工程 学生姓名 付 燕 指导教师 高 健 2016年4月10日内容摘要·····································································2目录1.纤维素酶的研究概况··························································21.1纤维素酶的来源····························································21.2纤维素酶的种类····························································22纤维素酶产生菌选育的研究进展················································23培养体系的优化······························································33.1碳源的作用································································33.2氮源的作用································································43.3表面活性剂································································44培养条件的优化······························································44.1温度的影响································································44.2 pH的影响·································································54.3溶氧量的影响·······························································55.菌种改造····································································55.1物理诱变···································································65.2化学诱变···································································65.3基因工程法·································································66.结语········································································7摘要纤维素酶能够将纤维素分解为葡萄糖。该酶在解决当前世界面临的能源、粮食、环境污染等危机方面具有重要意义。然而，迄今为止纤维素酶活和产率均较低、生产周期长、成本高，都严重地阻碍其工业化的应用。纤维素的降解有赖于纤维素酶。自然界中很多微生·物可以产生纤维素酶。因此，如何提高纤维素产生菌产酶能力是近年来研究的热点。近年来，国内外对细菌、真菌等产纤维素酶的微生物进行了大量的研究，利用化学、物理以及紫外诱变等方法获得了大量纤维素酶高产菌株。本文对国内外选育纤维素酶高产菌的研究以及利用木霉等菌产纤维素酶、产纤维素酶菌种选育、混合菌产纤维素酶等方面的研究进展进行了综述。关键词纤维素酶；纤维素；微生物；培养体系；培养条件；菌种改造纤维素（cellulose）作为植物光合作用的主要多糖类产物，是高等植物细胞壁的主要成分，是公认的自然界数量最丰富、最廉价的可再生有机物质资源，据估计，纤维素生成量每年高达1 000亿吨。我国每年农作物秸秆总产量为7亿吨左右，仅农业生产中形成的农作物残渣（如稻草、玉米秸、麦秸等），每年就有5亿吨之多。纤维素的降解是自然界碳素循环的中心环节。但由于纤维素的结构特点，对纤维素的利用仍然非常有限，目前仅有20%的纤维素物质被开发利用，大量的纤维素物质因无法分解利用而废弃，不仅造成资源浪费，而且污染环境。随着人口数量的不断增