EE6509_Wind and Photovoltaic Power Systems (lecture 9).pptxVIP

1 Wind Power Systems 2 HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF WIND POWER For centuries: Sailing Ships, Grinding Grain, Pumping water, Power Source of Factories. In 1891: First wind electric power plant to generate hydrogen by electrolysis. The hydrogen was produced for gas lights in the local schoolhouse. By 1940: Thousands of wind-electric plants were in use to supply power to isolated communities. 1940-1970: Interest in wind systems declined as the utility grid expanded and became more reliable and electricity prices declined. 3 Revival of Wind Power The oil shocks of 1970’s, plus the financial and regulatory incentives caused a renewed interest in wind-electric systems in 70’s and early 80’s in USA However, the interest in USA was short-lived as the performance of turbines was below expectations. As the tax-credits were withdrawn, the wind power industry came to a standstill in USA Since most of the world’s wind-power sales, tip until about 1985, were in the United States, this sudden drop in the market practically wiped out the industry worldwide until the early 1990s 4 Revival of Wind Power Due to the increased concern on environmental pollution and increased oil prices, the interest in renewable energies in general and wind power in particular, increased tremendously from mid 1990’s. As shown on the next slides, the global installed capacity of wind turbines has been growing at over 25% per year since mid 1990’s. 5 Worldwide installed wind power capacity 6 Worldwide installed wind power capacity Top 10 countries by nameplate wind power capacity (2010) Country Wind power capacity (MW) China 44,733 United States 40,180 Germany 27,215 Spain 20,676 India 13,066 Italy 5,797 France 5,660 United Kingdom 5,204 Canada 4,008 Denmark 3,734 7 Worldwide installed wind power capacity At the end of 2010, worldwide nameplate capacity of wind-powered generators was 197 gigawatts (GW). Wind power now has the capacity to generate 430 TWh annually, which is about 2.5%