核心语法二：动词时态和语态解读.doc

核心语法二：动词时态和语态 【知识简介】 动词时态是指谓语动词根据不同的时间和状态而变化的动词形式。就其时间而言有现在、过去、将来及过去将来等四种情况；就其状态而言有一般、进行、完成及完成进行四种情况。 下表所示各时态的形式，以动词write为例。 时间 状态 现在时 过去时 将来时 过去将来时 一般式 write/writes 否定式：do not (don’t)/ does not (doesn’t) write wrote 否定式： did not (didn’t) write will/shall write would/should write 进行式 am/is/are writing was/were writing will/shall be writing would/should be writing 完成式 have/had written had written will/shall have written would/should have written 完成 进行式 have/has been writing had been writing will/shall have been writing would/should have been writing 语态是表示主语和动词在意义上的主动和被动关系的动词形式。被动语态的谓语动词形式一般是“有时态特征的be + 动词- ed形式（过去分词）”。 下表所示几个最基本的时态的被动语态形式，以write为例。 时间 状态 现在时 过去时 将来时 一般式 am/is/are writeen was/were written will/shall be written 进行式 am/is/are being writeen was/were being written will/shall be being written 完成式 have/has been written had been written will/shall have been written 【要点难点】 第一部分：动词时态 1）一般现在时 表示科学事实、客观真理或存在、发表个人观点以及格言、警句等，这种谓语动词的特点是无特定时间的限定。 Chinese is spoken by the largest number of people.讲汉语的人最多。 Light travels at 186,000 miles a second.光以每秒表186,000英里的速度传播。 Great minds think alike.英雄所见略同。 表示重复性、习惯性、特征性行为。句中有时有表示时间表频度的副词如always, often, usually, sometimes, seldom, every day, every week,t wice a month, frequently, now and then, 等。 I go shopping every other weekend. 我每隔一周的周末逛街。 He wears a huge moustache. 他留着大胡子。 He often takes other people’s ideas. 他经常听别人的意见。 条件、时间从句中用一般现在时表示将来的动作或行为。让步状语从句一般也用此时态。 这类连词有：when, before, after, as soon as, if, unless, once, every/each time, by the time, next time, no matter + wh-, however (whatever, whenever, wherever etc.), even if, even though。 If it rains we’ll have to call off the game. 如果天下雨，我们只好取消比赛。 If your father doesn’t go to attend the parents’ meeting, so will mine. 如果你的父亲不参加家长会，我的父亲也不去了。 Once you decide not to talk to her, so will I. 你一旦决定不和她说话，我也会这样决定。 另外请重点注意句型：It will be some time before something happens. It will be years before he comes back home. 他要好几年才会回家。 指时刻表上所说的未来之事。一些与travel[旅行]有关的动词和其他少量