translation讲义.ppt

Outline 1.英汉句子对比 1.1 汉语主题显著，英语主语显著 1.2 汉语叙述呈动态，英语叙述呈静态 1.3 英语注重替代，汉语注重重复 1.4 句子重心位置：英语直线型，汉语螺旋形（句子内部词序的差异） 1.5 句子拓展模式：英语向右拓展，汉语向左延伸 2. 英汉互译句子翻译技巧方法 2.1 英汉互译中主语的处理 2.2 词性转换 2.3 英语中替代结构的处理 2.4 英汉句子互译中的词序调整方法 2.5 英语长句的翻译 1.1 英汉词语对比 rose（玫瑰）：爱情，浪漫/ fox（狐狸）：狡猾奸诈 本体相同，喻体不同或空缺： 胆小如鼠 虎口拔牙 as timid as a rabbit,hare beard the lion in his den 鸡皮疙瘩 害群之马 goose-flesh black sheep 牛饮 drink like a fish 1.1 英汉词语对比 red-letter days(喜庆的日子/节日) roll out the red carpet for sb.(铺红毯隆重欢迎） 差异性：see red(暴脾气) 八 eight 666 Bible:代表魔鬼的野兽额头上印有666的记号(撒旦，恶魔的象征） 1.1 英汉词语对比 5) 文化内涵 搭配意义 stout：肥胖/结实壮硕 肥胖婴儿，肥猪 stout baby/pig? 红茶 浓茶 black tea strong tea black coffee 清咖啡 small talk 家常话 总结：英汉词汇层面的相似性决定了可译性，差异构成了翻译的障碍 1.2?词语的翻译 翻译过程：理解表达校核 1st step: 词义的准确理解 Each word when used in a new context is a new word. (英国著名语言学家弗斯J.R.firth，1890-1960) polysemy一词多义/polysemic words denotative or conceptual meaning(指称意义/外延意义） connotative (内涵意义) Question: How to figure out the exact meaning of the word? Proper choice of words on the basis of accurate comprehension of the original context . (contextual meaning) 1.2?词语的翻译 1st step: 词义的准确理解 常用的英语词，貌似简单，你真的掌握了词义吗？ 1. She told me that her 18-year-old son was the baby. A person of any age, who is the youngest of a family among brothers and sisters子女中最小的 2. Her mother is a sister in a Melbourne hospital. Senior nurse in a hospital 护士长或资历高的护士 3. He’s unhappy now, because he had a blue with his friend just now. an argument,quarrel or fight 争吵或打架 4.Last evening I went to a do held by our China Study Group. Social function 集会，宴会等 1.2?词语的翻译 1st step: 词义的准确理解 常用的英语词，貌似简单，你真的掌握了词义吗？ 5.That’s a tall story about the town’s high street hard to be believe, exaggerated/ the main steet of a town or city 6.My former teacher told me that as an English major I should read Major Barba