外向型发展如何提升我国本土企业生产率.pdfVIP

第 31 卷第 3 期 2014 年 3 月 统计研究 Statistical Research Vol. 31 , No.3 Mar. 2014 外向型发展如何提升我国本土企业生产率 戴翔张雨郑江淮 内容提要:出口贸易的快速发展和外资的大量利用，是我国外向型经济发展的突出特征。而在全球价值链分 工模式下，我国本土企业无论是直接出口还是为外资企业配套，其实质都是参与全球生产的流转环节，是外向型 发展的主要表现。本文利用我国昆山本土企业的调研数据，实证研究揭示:本土企业在为外资企业进行外向配套 中存在着自我选择机制和溢出效应机制，连同出口中学习效应，共同促进本土企业生产率的提升。这是中 国外向型经济发展的实质。与西方学者关于企业外向型发展的生产率决定论相对应，本文补充验证了生产率提 升在一定程度上是我国本土企业外向发展的果。此外，本文的计量结果还显示，在同群效应上，有迹象表明主营 中间产品的企业生产率提升偏向于依赖技能型或高素质劳动力，而以投资品、消费品为主的企业生产率提升则较 显著偏向于依赖管理人员的作用。 关键词:外向型发展;生产率;外向配套;同群效应 中图分类号 :C812 文献标识码 :A 文章编号 :1002 -4565(2014)03 -0045 -09 How Does Outward-oriented Development Promote Productivity of Indigenous Enterprises Dai Xiang Zhang Yu Zheng Jianghuai Abstract: Rapid expansion of China ‘ s export and increasing inward FDI are the remarkable characteristics of China s outward-oriented economy. Under GVC division , both export and establishing connections with FDI enterprises are all manifestation of participation in global production for local ente叩rises. Empirical analysis based on Micro-firm data reveals that , there is a seJf-selection mechanism in competing in establishing connections with FDI enterprises for indigenous enterprises , and this mechanism together with mechanism of leaming by exporting , improve productivity of indigenous enterprises eventually. This can be summarized as the essence of China S outwarcl-oriented economic development. Complementing with theoηthat productivity determines enterprises outward development , this paper test that improve of productivity is the consequence of enterprises outward-oriented development to some extent. In addition , about the peer group effect , there is evidence that improvement of productivity for enterprises which mainly engaging in intermediates depends more on skilled or high quality labor , while enterprises which mainly engaging in capital products and consumable depends more on managerial staff. Key words:Outward-oriented Development; Productivity Rate; Outward Supporting; Peer Effect