3TCPIP协议栈探索.ppt

Layer 2 of 4: Layer 2 shows the acknowledgment number is 11. Layer 3 of 4: Layer 3 shows the next sequence number is 11. Layer 4 of 4: Layer 4 shows the acknowledgment number is 12. Emphasize: The Sequence and Acknowledgment numbers are directional. The slide highlights the communication going in one direction. The sequence and acknowledgments take place with the sender on the right. TCP provides full-duplex communication. Layer 1 of 5: This figure points out the benefit of a larger window size. Layer 1 is in the initial state, no messages being sent. Layer 2 of 5: Layer 2 illustrates how the sending device defines its window buffer as 3 and sends three bytes. Layer 3 of 5: In layer 3, the receiving device acknowledges the two first bytes, drops 3, and advertises its window size as 2. Layer 4 of 5: In layer 3 the sending device transmits 2 bytes but maintains a window size of 2. Layer 5 of 5: In layer 5, the receiving device acknowledges the 2 bytes and still advertises its window size as 2. Purpose: This graphic explains the format of UDP. Emphasize: UDP is simple and efficient but not reliable. The UDP segment format includes a source port, a destination port, a length field, and an optional checksum field. It has no sequencing, acknowledgments, or windowing. Example: TFTP uses a checksum. At the end of the transfer if the checksum does not match then the file did not make it. The user is notified and must type in the command again. As a result, the user has become the reliability mechanism. Transition: The next section discusses the network layer of the OSI model and how it corresponds to the TCP/IP internet layer. Purpose: This figure presents a list of the protocols operating at the Internet layer. Emphasize: Review the protocols briefly. They are covered in detail on the coming pages. Routing protocols are usually considered layer-management protocols that support the network layer. Purpose: This figure explains what is contained in