中山大学《细胞生物学》相关问题的分析 Nonmedially assembled F-actin cables incorporate into the actomyosin ring in fission yeast.pdfVIP

JCB: Article The Rockefeller University Press $30.00 J. Cell Biol. Vol. 199 No. 5 831–847 /cgi/doi/10.1083/jcb.201209044 JCB 831 J. Huang and Y. Huang contributed equally to this paper. Correspondence to Mohan K. Balasubramanian: mohan@.sg R. Thadani’s present address is Chromosome Segregation Laboratory, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, London WC2A 3LY, England, UK. Abbreviations used in this paper: CHD, calponin homology domain; DPSS, diode pumped solid state; HU, hydroxyurea; LA, lifeact; LatA, Latrunculin A; mCh, mCherry; SIN, septation initiation network; TIRFM, total internal reflection microscopy; Utr, utrophin; wt, wild type. Introduction Cytokinesis is the final step in the process of cell division, dur- ing which two daughter cells are generated. In many eukary- otic cells, ranging from yeasts to human, cytokinesis requires the function of an actomyosin-based contractile ring. This ring consists of overlapping actin filaments (Satterwhite and Pollard, 1992; Kamasaki et al., 2007) that interact with the molecular motor myosin II (Schroeder, 1973). Force gener- ation by myosin II then leads to ring closure and cell divi- sion (Balasubramanian et al., 2004; Wolfe and Gould, 2005; Pollard and Wu, 2010). Both assembly and constriction of the actomyosin ring are influenced by a large array of actin- modulating proteins, which regulate actin polymerization, cross- linking, and disassembly (Balasubramanian et al., 1992, 1994; Chang et al., 1997; Kitayama et al., 1997; Wu et al., 2001, 2003; Nakano and Mabuchi, 2006). Although we have gained a detailed understanding of many aspects of cytokinesis, the mechanisms by which actin filaments assemble at the division site are still not fully understood. Stud- ies of actin dynamics have suffered from lack of fully functional and fluorescently tagged versions of actin (Doyle and Botstein, 1996; Kovar et al., 2005; Wu and Pollard, 2005). Several studies, using probes that serve as a surrogate