0816翻译奇妙的克隆谈家桢.docxVIP

0816翻译：奇妙的克隆（谈家桢）Translation: The Amazing Cloning (Tan Jiazhen)(translated by: alexcwlin; edited by: Adam Lam)克隆是什么What is cloning?---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------一个细菌经过20分钟左右就可一分为二；After approximately 20 minutes a bacterium could be divided from one into two.一根葡萄枝切成十段就可能变成十株葡萄；A grapevine sliced into ten sections could be developed into ten grape plants.仙人掌切成几块，每块落地就生根；Once a cactus is chopped into several pieces, each piece could sprout roots on the ground.一株草莓依靠它沿地“爬走”的匍匐茎，一年内就能长出数百株草莓苗……The “creeping” stolons of a strawberry plant could generate several hundred strawberry shoots in one year.凡此种种，都是生物靠自身的一分为二或自身的一小部分的扩大来繁衍后代，In all these situations, living beings rely on themselves to reproduce by dividing from one into two or enlarging a small part in themselves.这就是无性繁殖。This is propagation without sex.无性繁殖的英文名称叫“Clone”，音译为“克隆”。In English, propagating without sex is called “clone”, and a phonetic translation in Chinese is “ke long”.实际上，英文的“Clone”起源于希腊文“Klone”，Actually the English word “clone” originated from “klone” in Greek.原意是用“嫩枝”或“插条”繁殖。Its original meaning is using “sprig” or “transplanted cutting” to reproduce.时至今日，“克隆”的含义已不仅仅是“无性繁殖”，Nowadays the meaning of “clone” is not only “reproduction without sex”.凡来自一个祖先，无性繁殖出的一群个体，也叫“克隆”。Any group (1) of organisms with same ancestry that have been reproduced without sex is also called “clone”.这种来自一个祖先的无性繁殖的后代群体也叫“无性繁殖系”，简称无性系。This type of same-ancestry no-sex reproduction of a descending group of organisms is also called “no sex reproduction series”, or simply “no-sex series”.---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------自然界的许多动物，在正常情况下都是依靠父方产生的雄性细胞(精子)与母方产生的雌性细胞(卵子)融合(受精)成受精卵(合子)，Under normal circumstances, many animals in the natural world rely on a male gene (sperm) produced by the father to merge (fertilize) with a female gene (egg) produced by the mother to become a fertilized egg (blastula).再由受精卵经过一系列细胞分