Lucas语法课件.docxVIP

1. 词性1.1 主要词性的列表1 名词noun包括可数(countable)和不可数(uncountable)2 代词pronoun代词在作文中使用比较的灵活和多变，代词的选择错误也是常见问题主格：代词做主语，譬如说I am a teacher宾格：代词做宾语，譬如说My father talked to me.形容词性物主代词：是代词充当定语，譬如说my job is to help students improve writingskills.名词性物主代词：代词充当主语、宾语或者表语，一般是指代前面说过的某个名词，譬如说His car is expensive, and mine is cheap. （这里的mine 是my car 的意思）反身代词：充当主语和宾语，这个代词一般是和前面说过的一个名词或者代词是同一个人或者物体。He worked for himself. （himself 和he是同一个人）形式人称主格宾格形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词反身代词单数第一人称Imemyminemyself第二人称youyouyouryoursyourself第三人称heHimHishisHimSheHerherhersHerselfitititsItsItself复数第一人称WeusOuroursOurselves第二人称youYouyouryoursYourselves第三人称TheyThemtheirtheirsThemselves3 动名词gerund就是动词加上ing，用作名词譬如说：I enjoy working as a teacher. (working 就是个动名词)4 不定式infinitive (to do or to do something)不定式和动名词一样，也是类似于名词的东西譬如说：I want to work as a teacher. (to work as a teacher 就是不定式)5 动词verb,包括及物(transitive verb)和不及物(intransitive verb)6 形容词adjective7 现在分词present participle现在分词可能是谓语的一部分例：I am working from home now. （working 现在分词，表示进行时态）也可能是类似于形容词的东西例:：This company has many employees working from home. (working from home 现在分词，充当定语)8 过去分词past participle过去分词可能是谓语的一部分例：I have done this task. （done 过去分词，表示完成时态）也可能是类似于形容词的东西例:：I have many books written in English. (written in English 过去分词，充当定语)9 介词（preposition）和介宾短语介词和冠词一样，称之为虚词，因为它独立不能够充当任何成分一般介词后面加名词或者动名词，统称为介宾短语。例：I am living in New Zealand. (in 是介词，不能够独立存在，要加上New Zealand, in NewZealand 整个称之为介宾短语)10 数词numerals11 副词adverb12 冠词the, a, an一般和名词结合使用，冠词本身不充当成分例子：I live in a small flat. （a 是冠词，不能独立存在，要加上名词flat）13 连词conjunction连词有两种，从属连词和并列连词并列连词and, or, but从属连词while, although, because, if, when, before, after?从属连词一定要连接独立的句子While, because, although 等?在没有连词的情况下，不能句子里有两个动词The lack of money leads to people do not receive education错误的原因：lead to 和do not receive 都是动词正确的句子：people do not receive education because of the lack of money.1 从属连词后面加从句，一定要有主句。2 从属连词后面一定要加独立的句子，不能少成分。1.2 非谓语动词（不定式和动名词）很多同学有时候看到不定式和动名词很长，不知道怎么运用。去掉主语，谓语动词改成to do 或者是doing, 后面保持不变，然后整个当作一个名词看。譬如说：I studied science at university.