[整理]分词.doc

分词 分词既有动词的特征，又有形容词和副词的特征。分词有现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词有一般式和完成式，过去分词没有这种区别。及物动词的现在分词还有主动形式和被动形式的区别。分词常用的形式如下所示（以及物动词do 和不及物动词go为例）： do go 主动 被动 现在分词 doing being done going 过去分词 done gone 完成式 having done having been done /  1 分词作定语 不及物动词的现在分词作定语表达强调动作正在进行，过去分词强调完成；及物动词的现在分词作定语强调主动，过去分词强调被动。分词的完成式一般不作定语。分词作其他成分时，也是如此。分词作定语，单个的分词作定语一般前置；分词词组，个别分词如given, left等，修饰不定代词等的分词，作定语需后置。例如： 　We can see the rising sun. 我们可以看到东升的旭日 　He is a retired worker.　 他是位退休的工人 　There was a girl sitting there.　有个女孩坐在那里 　This is the question given.　　 这是所给的问题 　There is nothing interesting.　 没有有趣的东西 　分词作定语相当于定语从句，如 Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists. = Most of the people who were invited to the party were famous scientists. 典型例题 　 1） The first textbook ___ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.　 A. have written　 B. to be written　 C. being written　 D. written 　 2）Whats the language ____ in Germany?　 A. speaking　 　B. spoken　　 C. be spoken　　 D. to speak 2 分词作状语 分词作状语，可以表示时间，原因，理由，条件，让步，连续等，相当于一个状语从句。例如： Not receiving any letter from him, I gave him a call. 由于没有收到他的信，我给他打了个电话。 =As I didnt receive any letter from him, I gave him a call. Given more attention，the trees could have grown better. 多给些照顾，那些树会长得更好。 =If more attention was given, the trees could have grown better. 典型例题 　1）_____ some officials, Napoleon inspected his army. A. Followed　 B. Followed by　 C. Being followed　 D. Having been followed 本题可改为：With some officials following, Napoleon inspected his army. 　2）There was a terrible noise ___ the sudden burst of light.　 A. followed　 B. following　 C. to be followed　 D. being followed 　　3）_______, liquids can be changed into gases. A. Heating　 B. To be heated　 C. Heated　 D. Heat 它相当于一个状语从句 When they are heated，… 注意：选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的主语。如分词的动作是主句的主语发出，分词就选用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。例如： Used for a long time, the book looks old. 由