Transition Metal Oxides.pdfVIP

Transition Metal Oxides Nina Heinig WATLABS What are transition metal oxides? Valence electrons are present in more than one shell. Most transition metals have more than one oxidation state. Why study transition metal oxides? 1. These materials can have unusual and useful electronic and magnetic properties. Many of these properties strongly depend on materials defects like vacancies, dislocations, stacking faults and grain boundaries. These defects affect local oxygen bonding. 2. Transition metal oxides are used in a wide variety of technologically important catalytic processes. For example, they are used in selective oxidation, selective reduction and dehydrogenation [1]. Understanding surface structure and reactions is important for understanding these catalytic processes. [1] Transition Metal Oxides: Surface Chemistry and Catalysis H.H. Kung, Elsevier Science, NY, 1989. Some room-temperature Magnetic Properties Co3O4 AgOCoO CrO3NiOVO2 TiO2γ?Fe2O3α?Fe2O3VO Y2O3Mn3O4FeOTi2O3 DiamagneticFerrimagneticAntiferromagneticParamagnetic High temperature superconductors, like YBa2Cu3O7-x , have electrical properties controlled by oxygen stoichiometry. YBa2Cu3O6 = antiferromagnetic insulator YBa2Cu3O7-x = metallic conductor single crystal films have much higher critical currents than bulk single crystals. YBa2Cu3O7-x is a superconductor whose current density can be controlled by grain boundary structure. [001] θ 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 J b / J c 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 EBE films at 5 K, from [1]. PLD films at 77 K. [001] θ 0 10 20 30 40 J b ( M A / c m 2 ) 10-3 10-2 10-1 100 101 A TEM image of a 6o [001] tilt YBa2Cu3O7-x bicrystal shows dislocations, facets, strain fields. SrTiO3 and (Ba,Sr)TiO3 are low-loss dielectrics with a ferroelectric/paraelectric transition. These unique properties have application in: - tuneable microwave devices - DRAM cells - infra-red detectors - oxygen sensors Functional properties depend on strain and defects. Films are di