助动词have的用法综述.pptxVIP

这篇我们详细讲讲助动词have的用法。一、have做助动词，后面常跟动词的过去分词一起构成完成时态（”have+过去式结构）。根据 时态人称不同，have可以用has或者had以及跟to或者情态动词连用等。1.have+过去分词，构成现在完成时态，如：Have y ou heard about Peter and Corinne?你听说过彼特和科琳的事情吗？I have had this pen for three years. 这只笔我已经用了3年了。2.had+过去分词，构成过去完成时态，如：I realized tha t I had met him before.我意识到我之前见过他。By the end of last month, they h ad finished the work. 上月未他们就已经完成了工作。3.wil have+been+现在分词，构成将来完成时态， 如：Well have been living here for two years next Sunday.到下个星期天，我们就 已经在这里住了两年了。I will have been studying English for 8 years till next month. 到下个月为止，我学英语已达八年了。4.情态动词＋have＋过去分词，构成假设语气完成式（perfect condit ional），一般表示“推测、假设之意”。I would have told you,but I didnt see you.我本 应该告诉你，但我没有看到你。①must＋have＋过去分词，表示对过去时间发生的动作或存在的情况的推测，一般用于肯定句。Her fa ther thought that she must have met a fairy.他的父亲认为她准是碰到了小精灵。You mu st have left your bag in the theatre.你一定是把包丢在了剧院。②can(could)＋have＋ 过去分词，表示对过去发生事情的“不肯定”，常用于否定句和疑问句。He cant have been to your home, h e doesnt know your address.他可能没去过你家，他都不知道你的地址。There is no light i n the room. Can he have gone out? 屋里没亮，他可能出去了吧？ ③should＋have＋过去 分词，表示“某事本该早做而实际未做”，用于肯定句。You should have been here five minutes ag o.你本应该5分钟之前就已经在这里了。You should have handed in your composition last week. 你本应该上周交作文的。④“ought to + have+过去分词”与“should + have+过去分词”同义， 只是语气较强，常含有遗憾、责备、批评等感情色彩。We ought to have given you more help. 我们本应 该给你更多的帮助。 You ought to/ should have told us earlier. 你应该早点告诉我们的。⑤“ needn’t + have+过去分词”表示过去“本不必做而实际上已经做了的事”。We needn’t have waited hi m. 我们本不必等他的。 You needn’t have told him about it. 你没比要告诉他那件事。5.to have+过去分词，构成动词不定式的完成式（perfect infinitive），表示动作(状态)发生在主要谓语动词或特定的某时间 之前。如：I’d like to have lived in the eighteenth century.我想住在18世纪。it is thought to have happened。它被认为发生了。6.“having +done”和“having been done，构成现在分词的完成式（perfect participle）。Having been written in haste, the book has many mistakes. 这书因写得仓促，所以错误不少。The subject having bee n opened，he had to go on with it. 话题已经开始了，他不得不谈下去。7.have+been +过去分 词，构成完成式被动语态。如：English has been taught in China for many years. 中国教 英语已