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A universal constraint between charge and rotation rate for degenerate black holes surround.pdf

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A universal constraint between charge and rotation rate for degenerate black holes surround

a r X i v : 0 7 0 8 .4 1 9 6 v 4 [ g r - q c ] 2 4 J a n 2 0 0 8 A universal constraint between charge and rotation rate for degenerate black holes surrounded by matter Marcus Ansorg1 and Herbert Pfister2 1 Max-Planck-Institut fu?r Gravitationsphysik, Albert-Einstein-Institut, D-14476 Golm, Germany 2 Institut fu?r Theoretische Physik, Universita?t Tu?bingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 14, D-72076 Tu?bingen, Germany E-mail: Marcus.Ansorg@aei.mpg.de, herbert.pfister@uni-tuebingen.de Abstract. We consider stationary, axially and equatorially symmetric systems consisting of a central rotating and charged degenerate black hole and surrounding matter. We show that a2 + Q2 = M2 always holds provided that a continuous sequence of spacetimes can be identified, leading from the Kerr-Newman solution in electrovacuum to the solution in question. The quantity a = J/M is the black hole’s intrinsic angular momentum per unit mass, Q its electric charge and M the well known black hole mass parameter introduced by Christodoulou and Ruffini. PACS numbers: 04.70.Bw, 04.40.-b, 04.20.Cv preprint number: AEI-2007-133 1. Introduction There are several equivalent formulae to express the mass M of a single Kerr-Newman black hole in vacuum. Since in this spacetime no additional matter sources are present the mass can (i) be read off from the far-field expansion of the metric (this gives the ADM mass) (ii) be written in terms of a Komar-like integral over the black hole horizon [1] (iii) be expressed in terms of the angular momentum J , the charge Q and the horizon area A (Christodoulou and Ruffini [2]). If one considers axisymmetric and stationary black holes surrounded by matter sources these three descriptions are no longer equivalent. Obviously, the ADM mass characterizes the total mass of the system and is therefore not a valid measure for a local mass of the black hole. But also the mass expressions (ii) and (iii) can be very different since, e.g., in contrast to the positive definite