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The homogeneous q-difference operator
The Homogeneous q-Difference Operator
William Y. C. Chen, Amy M. Fu and Baoyin Zhang
Center for Combinatorics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
chenstation@, fmu@ and zby75@
Abstract. We introduce a q-differential operator Dxy on functions in two
variables which turns out to be suitable for dealing with the homogeneous
form of the q-binomial theorem as studied by Andrews, Goldman and Rota,
Roman, Ihrig and Ismail, et al. The homogeneous versions of the q-binomial
theorem and the Cauchy identity are often useful for their specializations
of the two parameters. Using this operator, we derive an equivalent form
of the Goldman-Rota binomial identity and show that it is a homogeneous
generalization of the q-Vandermonde identity. Moreover, the inverse identity
of Goldman and Rota also follows from our unified identity. We also obtain
the q-Leibniz formula for this operator. In the last section, we introduce the
homogeneous Rogers-Szego? polynomials and derive their generating function
by using the homogeneous q-shift operator.
Keywords: q-binomial theorem, Cauchy polynomials, q-Vandermonde iden-
tity, homogeneous q-difference operator, q-Leibniz formula, homogeneous
Rogers-Szego? polynomials
1. Introduction
We adopt the common conventions and notations on q-series. So we always
assume that |q| 1 and use the following notation of the q-shifted factorial:
(x; q)0 = 1; (x; q)n =
n?1∏
j=0
(1? qjx), n = 1, 2, ...,∞.
The basic hypergeometric series rφs is defined as follows [6]:
rφs(x1, x2, · · · , xr; y1, y2, · · · , ys; q, t) = rφs
[
x1, x2, · · · , xr
y1, y2, · · · , ys ; q, t
]
=
∞∑
n=0
(x1; q)n(x2; q)n · · · (xr; q)n
(y1; q)n(y2; q)n · · · (ys; q)n
[
(?1)nq(n2)
]1+s?r
tn,
1
where q 6= 0 when r s + 1.
The q-binomial coefficient is given by:[
n
k
]
=
(q; q)n
(q; q)n?k(q; q)k
.
The following is the homogeneous form of the q-shifted factorial:
Pn(x, y) = (y/x; q)n x
n = (x? y)(x? qy) · · · (x? qn?1y).
We also have the following basic relations:[
n
k
]
(?1)kq(k2
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