高美珍 材料科学与工程导论-24.pptVIP

第十九章热学特性Thermal Properties What material has the highest thermal conductivity? Why, although we normally use ceramics for insulation, there are many ceramics that have high thermal conductivity? Are there materials that have zero or negative thermal-expansion coefficients? What material is used to make the Chandra x-ray telescope mirror substrate? 19.1引言 热特性指材料对加热的响应。当固体以热量的形式吸收能量时，固体的温度升高，尺寸增大。如果存在温度梯度，热能将传导到更冷的区域。热容、热膨胀和热导率是重要的热学参数。 19.2热容(Heat capacity) 热容代表一种材料从外部环境中吸收热能的能力。热容表示温度升高一度，所需要的能量。在数学形式上热容C表示为： (20.1) 热容特指1摩尔的材料温度变化1度吸、放的热量（例如J/mol-K或cal/mol-