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New endophytic isolates of Muscodor albus, a volatile-antibiotic-producing fungus
New endophytic isolates of Muscodor albus, a
volatile-antibiotic-producing fungus
David Ezra,1 W. M. Hess2 and Gary A. Strobel1
Correspondence
Gary Strobel
email-uplgs@
1Department of Plant Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
2Department of Integrated Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
Received 14 May 2004
Revised 27 August 2004
Accepted 16 September 2004
Muscodor albus, an endophytic fungus originally isolated from Cinnamomum zeylanicum,
produces a mixture of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in culture and its spectrum of
antimicrobial activity is broad. Using the original isolate of M. albus as a selection tool, it has
been possible to find other culturally and biochemically unique wild-type isolates of this
organism existing as endophytes in a variety of other plant species, including Grevillea pterifolia
(fern-leafed grevillea), Kennedia nigriscans (snake vine) and Terminalia prostrata (nanka
bakarra) growing in the northern reaches of the Northern Territory of Australia. Interestingly,
none of the new isolates had a culture morphology that was identical to the original isolate,
nevertheless each possessed hyphal characteristics that resembled that isolate. Furthermore, their
ITS-5?8S rDNA sequences were 96–99% identical to that of M. albus and the isolates were
considered M. albus on the basis of the DNA sequence data. However, the VOCs produced by
these new isolates greatly differed in quality from the original strain by virtue of the production of
naphthalene, naphthalene, 1,19-oxybis-, and one or more other compounds. In bioassays with a
range of test micro-organisms, including fungi and bacteria, each isolate possessed biological
activity but the range of activity was great. Artificial mixtures of some of the VOCs mimicked the
effects of the VOCs of the fungus. The value of these observations to the biology and practical uses
of M. albus in agriculture and other applications is discussed.
INTRODUCTION
Several yea
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