减压塔机械计.doc

DN4200/DN3000减压塔机械设计 摘 要 本设计是对工艺设计中的常滴油精馏塔进行设计，设计过程主要依据GB150-1998《钢制压力容器》标准和JB/T4710-2005《钢制塔式容器》为基本标准进行设计计算的。该减压塔采用的是变径板式塔结构，并采用单溢流型塔盘与泡罩塔盘，操作介质为常底油。精馏塔是目前石油化工领域应用的最多的塔设备。 在说明部分中，主要介绍塔设备在石油化工生产中的作用、地位、发展现状、特点以及分类，优先选用板式塔的条件，以及舌型塔盘和泡罩塔盘的结构和优缺点，同时又对塔的材料选择，筒体和封头的选用进行了说明和论述。接下来又介绍了塔的附属构件结构，对筒体、裙座、封头、吊柱、地脚螺栓座、基础换班、筋板的选用进行了介绍并且校核了他们的强度，同时也对裙座与通体的连接方式与结构进行了说明。 在计算部分主要是针对塔体的筒体、封头的材料选择、壁厚的选取进行了计算，还有稳定性的校核。对自振周期、地震载荷、风载荷进行了计算，同事又进行了该筒体的轴向强度以及稳定性的校核，全做的设计计算及其校核，地脚螺栓座的设计及其强度校核、筋板、盖板及开孔补强的设计计算校核。最后经过计算以及强度校核，设计出合理的减压精馏塔的结构，并绘制出图纸。 关键词：筒体,封头,强度,校核 DN4200/DN3000 Vacuum Tower Machinery Design Abstract This design is to design often drop of oil distillation process design, the design process is mainly based on GB150-1998 steel pressure vessel standard and JB/T4710-2005 steel tower vessel as the basic criteria for design calculation. The vacuum tower is used in reducing plate column structure, and the single overflow tray and a bubble cap tray, operating medium for the bottom oil. Distillation tower is currently used in the field of petroleum chemical industry the most tower equipment. In that part, mainly introduces the tower equipment in the petrochemical industry production role, status, development status, characteristics and classification, priority selection of tower plate, and the tongue tray and a bubble cap tray structure and the advantages and disadvantages, but also on the tower material selection, selection and cylinder head are described and discussed. Then introduces affiliated member structure, selection of cylinder, skirt, head, hanging, anchor bolt seat, base shifts, stiffened plate are introduced and check their strength, but also connected with the structure of the skirt and the body are described. In the computation part is mainly aimed at the tower cylinder, head of the material selection, the selection of wall thickness were calculated, and the stability of the check. The natural period of vibration, seismic load, wind load w