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A Complete Set of Local Invariants for a Family of Multipartite Mixed States
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A Complete Set of Local Invariants for a Family of
Multipartite Mixed States
Xiao-Hong Wang1, Shao-Ming Fei1, 2 and Ke Wu1
1 Department of Mathematics, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
2 Max-Planck-Institute for Mathematics in the Sciences, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
Key words: Invariants, Local equivalence, Multipartite states
PACS number(s): 03.67.-a, 02.20.Hj, 03.65.-w
Abstract
We study the equivalence of quantum states under local unitary trans-
formations by using the singular value decomposition. A complete set of
invariants under local unitary transformations is presented for several classes
of tripartite mixed states in CK ? CM ? CN composite systems. Two density
matrices in the same class are equivalent under local unitary transformations
if and only if all these invariants have equal values for these density matrices.
1 Introduction
Quantum entanglement is playing very important roles in quantum information
processing. Quantum entangled states are the key resource in quantum information
processing [1] such as teleportation, super-dense coding, key distribution, error cor-
rection and quantum repeater. Therefore it is of great importance to classify and
characterize the quantum states.
The nature of the entanglement among the parts of a composite system does not
depend on the labeling of the basis states of the individual subsystems. It is there-
fore invariant under unitary transformations of the individual state spaces. Such
transformations are referred to as local unitary transformations. The polynomial
invariants of local unitary transformations have been discussed in [2, 3, 4]. General
methods, which allow in principle to compute all such invariants, but are in fact
not really operational, were introduced in [5, 6, 7, 8]. More explicit complete and
partial solutions have been found for some special cases: two qubits [9] and three
qubits [10, 11] systems, three qutrits [
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