Discovery of a very extended X-ray halo around a quiescent spiral galaxy - the missing link.pdf

1 Discovery of a very extended X-ray halo around a quiescent spiral galaxy – the “missing link” of galaxy formation Kristian Pedersena, Jesper Rasmussenb, Jesper Sommer-Larsena, Sune Toftc, Andrew J. Bensond, Richard G. Bowere aDark Cosmology Centre, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Juliane Maries Vej 30, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; kp@astro.ku.dk, jslarsen@astro.ku.dk bSchool of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK; jesper@star.sr.bham.ac.uk cDepartment of Astronomy, Yale University, P.O. Box 20810, New Haven, CT 06520- 8101, USA; toft@ dAstrophysics, University of Oxford, Keble Road, Oxford, OX1 3RH, England, UK; abenson@astro.ox.ac.uk eInstitute for Computational Cosmology, Physics Department, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, England, UK; r.g.bower@durham.ac.uk Corresponding author: Kristian Pedersen. Phone: +45 3532 5932. Fax: +45 3532 5989 2 Abstract Hot gaseous haloes surrounding galaxies and extending well beyond the distribution of stars are a ubiquitous prediction of galaxy formation scenarios. The haloes are believed to consist of gravitationally trapped gas with a temperature of millions of Kelvin. The existence of such hot haloes around massive elliptical galaxies has been established through their X-ray emission. While gas out-flowing from starburst spiral galaxies has been detected, searches for hot haloes around normal, quiescent spiral galaxies have so far failed, casting doubts on the fundamental physics in galaxy formation models. Here we present the first detection of a hot, large-scale gaseous halo surrounding a normal, quiescent spiral galaxy, NGC 5746, alleviating a long-standing problem for galaxy formation models. In contrast to starburst galaxies, where the X-ray halo can be powered by the supernova energy, there is no such power source in NGC 5746. The only compelling explanation is that we are here witnessing a galaxy f