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2017-04-11 发布于江苏
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Improving nitrogen use efficiency through genetic selection and breeding.pdf

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Improving nitrogen use efficiency through genetic selection and breeding

Plantekongres 2013, Herning Improving nitrogen use efficiency through genetic selection and breeding Malcolm J. Hawkesford, Rothamsted Research, U.K. Outline/projects ? Rothamsted and20:20 Wheat? ? Yield trends and predictions ? Rothamsted long term experiments: Broadbalk ? Defra Wheat Genetic Improvement Network (WGIN) ? WISP – Wheat Prebreeding Programme Hawkesford Herning PK 2013 Rothamsted Research Science Strategy Hawkesford Herning PK 2013 20:20 Wheat 20:20 Wheat The 20:20 wheat project aims to provide the knowledge base and tools to increase potential wheat yields (in the UK) to 20 t.ha-1 within the next 20 years Hawkesford Herning PK 2013 Soil Resource Interactions ?Structure and root function ?Root architecture ?Soil pathogen Protecting yield potential ?Novel targets for disease control ? Septoria, Fusarium, the host ? Pathogenomics ?Technology development ?Bioinformatics Maximizing Yield Potential ?Canopy capacity and efficiency ?Photosynthesis ?Nutrient use efficiency ? Crop architecture and fertility ? Height ?Stem Architecture ?Bioinformatics Systems Approaches to Crop Improvement ? Modelling Hawkesford Herning PK 2013 Trends in wheat yields Plateauing? 0 2 4 6 8 10 1890 1910 1930 1950 1970 1990 2010 Yi el d (t/ ha ) Year UK wheat yield Hawkesford Herning PK 2013 Trends in wheat yields 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 19 90 19 91 19 92 19 93 19 94 19 95 19 96 19 97 19 98 19 99 20 00 20 01 20 02 20 03 20 04 20 05 20 06 20 07 20 08 20 09 gr ai n yi el d (t /h a) Trends in wheat production Australia UK World China 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00 9.00 10.00 11.00 12.00 19 97 19 98 19 99 20 00 20 01 20 02 20 03 20 04 20 05 20 06 20 07 20 08 20 09 gr ai n yi el d (t /h a) UK wheat grain yields (1997-2009) uk average rl data 1 t/ha in 20 years The ‘yield gap’ Predicting future yields Defra sponsored Climate Change Risk Assessment (CCRA) future predictions for wheat yield using re