_风化壳淋积型稀土矿的基础讲义.pdf

有色金属科学与工程 第 3 卷 第 4 期 Vol.3，No.4 2 0 1 2 年 8 月 Nonferrous Metals Science and Engineering Aug . 2012 文章编号：1674-9669（2012）04-0001-13 风化壳淋积型稀土矿的基础研究 池汝安 1,2， 田 君 1,3， 罗仙平 1， 徐志高 2， 何正艳 2 （1．江西理工大学资源与环境工程学院, 江 西 赣 州 341000; 2．武汉工程大学化工与制药学院, 武 汉 430073; 3．江西省科学院应用化学研究所, 南 昌 330029） 摘 要：文章评述了 40 年来风化壳淋积型稀土矿的基础研究，包括矿床的成因及特征、稀 土 矿 物的组成及性质，稀土与黏土矿物的关系、稀土在黏土矿物中的吸附及迁移理论，论述了风化壳 淋积型稀土矿的稀土元素配分的特征及四大效应，并探讨了稀土浸出机理和风化壳淋积型稀土 矿稀土浸取的三代工艺，提出了风化壳淋积型稀土矿基础研究和浸出工艺的发展方向及亟待解 决的问题. 关键词：风化壳淋积型稀土矿；矿床学；稀土配分；提取工艺 中图分类号：O614.3；TF845 文献标志码：A The basic research on the weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ores CHI Ru-an1,2, TIAN Jun1,3, LUO Xian-ping1, XU Zhi-gao2, HE Zheng-yan2 (1. School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China; 2. School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430073, China; 3. Institute of Applied Chemistry, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330029, China) Abstract: The basic research was reviewed about the weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ore for over forty years， including the causes and the characteristics of the deposit， the compositions and properties of rare earth ore， the relationship between rare earth ore and clay mineral as well as the theory of the adsorption and migration of rare earth in the clay mineral. Great attentions were also paid to the characteristics of the rare earth element partitioning and the four major effects in the weathered crust elution -deposited rare earth ore. The leaching mechanisms were investigated and the three generation leaching technol