热工基础总复习技术总结.ppt

总复习 (Overall Review) 系统 (Thermodynamic System): A quantity of matter or a region in space chosen for study. （系统就是指被选做研究对象的物体或空间。） 2. 平衡状态(Equilibrium State) A system in equilibrium experiences no changes with time when it is isolated from its surroundings. 所谓平衡状态就是指在没有外界影响的情况下，系统的状态不随时间而发生变化。 Basic Concept 3.准静态过程(Quasi-static Process ) 在无限小势差推动下的由连续平衡态组成的过程，就是准静态过程。 When a process proceeds in such a manner that the system remains infinitesimally close to an equilibrium state at all times, it is called a quasi-static or quasi-equilibrium process. 4.可逆过程(Reversible process) 系统经历某一过程后，如果能使系统与外界同时恢复到初始状态，而不留下任何痕迹，则此过程为可逆过程。 A process that can reversed without leaving any trace on the surroundings. That is, both the system and the surroundings are returned to their initial states at the end of the reverse process. 自发过程(Spontaneous Process) 不需要任何外界作用而自动进行的过程。 A process which can happy naturally without the interference from the surroundings. 5.循环 (Cycle) If a system returns to its initial state at the end of the process, it is said a system have undergone a cycle. 系统经历了一系列状态变化过程，又回到了原来状态，称为热力循环。 与体系发生质、能交换的物系。 系统与外界的分界面（线）。 • 外界(surrounding )： • 边界(boundary)： 6. 热力系统（热力系、系统、体系）外界和边界 1）系统与外界的人为性 2）外界与环境介质 3）边界可以是： a）刚性的或可变形的或有弹性的 b）固定的或可移动的 c）实际的或虚拟的 7. CLOSED SYSTEMS AND CONTROL VOLUMES System: A quantity of matter or a region in space chosen for study. Surroundings: The mass or region outside the system Boundary: The real or imaginary surface that separates the system from its surroundings. The boundary of a system can be fixed or movable. Systems may be considered to be closed or open. Closed system (Control mass): A fixed amount of mass, and no mass can cross its boundary Open system (control volume): A properly selected region in space. It usually encloses a device that involves mass flow such as a compressor, turbi