Inquantummechanics.docVIP

In  HYPERLINK /wiki/Quantum_mechanics quantum mechanics, the  HYPERLINK /wiki/Henry_Norris_Russell \o Henry Norris Russell Russell-Saunders term symbol is an abbreviated description of the  HYPERLINK /wiki/Angular_momentum_quantum_number \o Angular momentum quantum number angular momentum quantum numbers in a multi- HYPERLINK /wiki/Electron electron  HYPERLINK /wiki/Atom atom. It is related with the energy level of a given  HYPERLINK /wiki/Electron_configuration electron configuration.  HYPERLINK /wiki/Angular_momentum_coupling \l LS_coupling \o Angular momentum coupling LS coupling is assumed. The ground state term symbol is predicted by  HYPERLINK /wiki/List_of_Hund%27s_rules \o List of Hunds rules Hunds rules. Symbol The term symbol has the form where S is the total  HYPERLINK /wiki/Spin_quantum_number spin quantum number. 2S+1 is the spin multiplicity: the maximum number of different possible states of J for a given (L,S) combination. J is the  HYPERLINK /wiki/Total_angular_momentum_quantum_number total angular momentum quantum number. L is the total  HYPERLINK /wiki/Azimuthal_quantum_number \o Azimuthal quantum number orbital quantum number in  HYPERLINK /wiki/Spectroscopic_notation spectroscopic notation. The first 17 symbols L are L =012345678910111213141516...SPDFGHIKLMNOQRTUV(continued alphabetically) HYPERLINK /wiki/Term_symbol \l cite_note-0#cite_note-0 [note 1]The nomenclature (S, P, D, F) is derived from the characteristics of the spectroscopic lines corresponding to (s, p, d, f) orbitals: sharp, principal, diffuse, and fundamental, the rest being named in alphabetical order. When used to describe electron states in an atom, the term symbol usually follows the  HYPERLINK /wiki/Electron_configuration electron configuration, e.g., in the case of  HYPERLINK /wiki/Carbon carbon, the ground state is 1s22s22p2 3P0. The 3 indicates that 2S+1=3 and so S=1, the P is spectroscop