X射线衍射物相定性案例.ppt

X 射线衍射分析 2008. 9 Outline Introduction Materials Characterization Comparison of some test methods XRD History retrospection Nature and production of X ray Interaction of X rays and materials What is Materials Science and Engineering ? Materials science investigates the relationships that exist between the structure and properties of materials ? Materials engineering engineers the structure of materials to produce substances with a predetermined set of properties 过程 Processing 结构 Structure 性能 效能 Properties 结构形成过程 “材料工艺” 中心环节 材料学基础 构件、器件的制备 “材料选择” Performance Materials Science and Engineering Goal/means Cause/effect Structure Properties Structure-Property Linkages MSE develops from physics, chemistry and mathematics, and is a bridge between science and engineering. The physics and chemistry are needed to understand why Materials behave in certain ways. 研究材料组成、结构、性能与使用效能之间关系，最终实现按要求设计材料的目的。为获得所需性能指标的材料，必须考虑适宜的材料合成、制备、加工等研究技术。 为研究所获得材料的化学组成、物相组成、结构和各种研究技术对材料性能的影响，需要采用相应的分析分析表征方法。分析测试方法的选择和使用贯穿材料研究、应用的全过程. “Seeing” is believing MSE and Materials Characterization 材料科学与工程和材料表征 Materials Characterization Elemental Analysis Phase identification Phase transformation Structure at different levels, Macro to molecules and atoms Surface, interface Microscopy, spectroscopy and analysis, diffraction and imaging, thermal methods 多层次的物质结构Matters are organized differently at different length scale. 宏观：Macroscopic (0.1mm) Structure elements on the scale visible with human eye. 微观：Microscopic (0.1micron-0.1mm) Grain or other mesoscopic objects consisting of a group of atoms and observable with a light microscope 介观：Mesoscopic (1-100nm) Structure between atomic and microscopic 原子：Atomic (0.1-1 nm) Arrangement of atoms in materials, electronic bondings 亚原子：Subatomic (0.1 nm) Electrons, protons, neutrons 材料科学研究范畴 Domain of material science Materials Characterization Elemental Analysis Phase identification Phase transformation Structure at different levels, Macro to mol