大白菜—花椰菜异源多倍体的形态、细胞及分子鉴定.PDFVIP

园 艺 学 报 2012，39（7）：1365–1372 http: // www. ahs. ac. cn Acta Horticulturae Sinica E-mail: yuanyixuebao@126.com 收稿日期：2012–03–07；修回日期：2012–05–30 基金项目：高校基本科研业务费科技创新专项重点项目（QN2011057）；陕西省科技攻关项目（2010K01-09） * 通信作者 Author for correspondence（E-mail：maixiahui@163.com） 大白菜—花椰菜异源多倍体的形态、细胞及分子 鉴定 郭晓芹，仪泽会，惠麦侠*，张鲁刚，张明科，卢有飞 （西北农林科技大学园艺学院，农业部西北地区园艺作物生物学与种质创制重点实验室，陕西杨凌 712100） 摘 要：应用形态学、解剖学、细胞学及分子标记的方法对大白菜与花椰菜的异源四倍体和异源三 倍体进行倍性鉴定。结果表明，异源多倍体在植株叶片、花器官和气孔等性状上较其二倍体双亲均表现 出巨大性，而气孔密度和结实率则降低，其中异源四倍体比异源三倍体表现更明显。SRAP 分子标记分析 表明，异源多倍体中包含了双亲的遗传信息，是双亲间真杂种。细胞学观察显示，异源四倍体的染色体 数为 2n = 4x = 38，异源三倍体的染色体数为 2n = 3x = 29。异源多倍体的获得及鉴定为进一步创制大白菜 新种质提供了材料。 关键词：大白菜；花椰菜；异源多倍体；倍性鉴定 中图分类号：S 634.1；S635.3 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0513-353X（2012）07-1365-08 The Morphological，Cytological and Molecular Identifications of Allopolyploids of Chinese Cabbage–Cauliflower GUO Xiao-qin，YI Ze-hui，HUI Mai-xia*，ZHANG Lu-gang，ZHANG Ming-ke，and LU You-fei （College of Horticulture，Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University，Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China，Ministry of Agriculture，Yangling，Shaanxi 712100，China） Abstract：The chromosome identifications of allotriploid and allotetraploid of Chinese cabbage– cauliflower were carried out by morphological，anatomical and cytological observation and molecular marker technique. The results showed that，compared with diploids，the polyploid plants possessed gigantism in the leaves，stomata，flowering organs and reduction in the density of stomata and fecundity， allotetraploid was more obvious than allotriploid generally. According to SRAP molecular marker analysis，the polyploids contained all genetic information of both parents，which showed that polyploids were real hybrids. Cytological identification revealed that chromosome number of allotetraploid was 2n = 4x = 38 and chromosome number of allotriploid was 2n = 3x = 29. The