生物化学中文班课件chapter 34-40 information transfer.pptVIP

第十章 信息传递chapter 34-40 information transfer;第一章 DNA的生物合成（书第34,35章）;1.1 DNA的复制;1.1.1 半保留复制;DNA replication was proved to be semiconservative by the Meselson-Stahl experiment using E. coli cells (in 1958);1.1.2 复制的起点和方式;DNA replication was found to begin at specific sites and proceed bidirectionally;;Replication Begins at specific Origins and Usually Proceeds Bidirectionally ;;1. The daughter polynucleotide strands are synthesized almost as soon as the parental strands separate (no complete unwinding of chains); 2. The replication proceeds in both directions (determined by measuring the distance between the replication fork and the ends);5’;1.1.3 参与DNA复制的酶和蛋白因子;以DNA为模板合成DNA的酶 催化DNA新链合成时需有4种dNTP作为底物，还需Mg2+、DNA模板及与模板DNA互补的一小段多核苷酸引物 有DNA聚合酶I、II、III、IV、V;DNA Is Synthesized by DNA Polymerases;E. coli Has at Least Five DNA Polymerases;功能;;5` 3` DNA polymerase activity: catalyze DNA polymerization in vitro in the presence of a single-stranded DNA template, a preexisting primer with a free 3`-OH group and the dNTPs.;5′ A G C T T C A G G A T A ? 3′ | | | | | | | | | | |;proofreading activities of DNA pol I;nick translation(切口平移). The 5’ to 3’ exonuclease activity of intact DNA polymerase I can replace a segment of DNA or RNA paired to the template strand. an RNA or DNA strand paired to a DNA template is simultaneously degraded and replaced; an activity of DNA pol Ⅰ used for both DNA repair and the removal of RNA primers in DNA replication (clean-up functions);由10个亚基组成的蛋白质，其中α、ε、θ组成的部分叫核心酶，核心酶与其它亚基组成全酶 α亚基具有5’-3’ 聚合酶作用 ε亚基3’-5’外切酶活性 θ亚基组建复制起始复合物;大肠杆菌中聚合酶活性比DNA聚合酶I高15倍 现在认为它是E.coli细胞内真正负责重新合成DNA的复制酶;DNA polymerase III responsible for DNA replication in E.coli cells;Sliding clamp subunits;DNA duplex (infered);真核细胞有5种DNA聚合酶：αβγδε DNA聚合酶α：引物酶活性 DNA聚合酶β：修饰作用 DNA聚合酶γ：线粒体DNA的复制 DNA聚合酶δ：具有5’-3’ 聚合酶作用和3’-5’外切酶活性；合成前导链和滞后链 DNA聚合酶ε：DNA修复;DNA polymerase in eukaryotes;是指催化双链DNA切口处的5’-磷酸基和3’-羟基之间形成磷酸二酯键的酶，连接反应需要供给能量，