Application Fault Location in Power Distribution Grids.pdf

37th Meeting of the IFIP Working Group 10.4 Invited Talk at Workshop on Time and Dependability January 21{25, 2000, Martinique (France) High-Accuracy Time Services and Fault-Tolerant Clock Synchronization Ulrich Schmid Technische Universitat Wien Department of Automation Treitlstrae 1, A-1040 Vienna s@auto.tuwien.ac.at January 27, 2000 High-Accuracy Time Services WG10.4 Winter Meeting 2000 1 La Carte Motivation Why is GPS +NTP 6= all that we need? } Fault-tolerant external clock synchronization Traditional approaches Interval-based approach } How to achieve high accuracy? Rate synchronization Timestamping Clock design } References Project SynUTC http://www.auto.tuwien.ac.at/Projects/SynUTC High-Accuracy Time Services WG10.4 Winter Meeting 2000 2 Time Services Reference Clocks Clients Time Server Daemons Synchronization Network Time service supplies common notion of time to local clients:  Reference clocks know right time  Server daemons consult reference clocks and adjust local clocks accordingly High-Accuracy Time Services WG10.4 Winter Meeting 2000 3 Application: Fault Location in Power Distribution Grids TS = T1 Power/Transformer Station ~D T2 - T1 Power/Transformer Station TS = T2 Lightning struck Short circuit Line break L/2Fault loc. Transmission line (buried, overhead) Detector Transient wave Demanding requirements:  Fault location within 10 m-range) 10 ns-range ac- curacy  Up to 100+ endpoints in large power/transformer sta- tions  Cable length L up to 100 km  Bad environmental conditions High-Accuracy Time Services WG10.4 Winter Meeting 2000 4 Why Clock Synchronization at all? Often heard questions:  Why not simply implement time service by dedicated GPS receivers at all nodes?  Why bother with clock synchronization at all? of UTC Reliable Definition Disconnections GPS-Faults, Receiver Faults (manually synchronized) USNO-MC GPS-CC (Master Ctrl.) 200+ atomic clocks GPS (SVs) Network Network SVs GPS receiver Nodes Antennas Disconnections, Too