Beam Bending Stresses and Shear Stress.pdf

ENDS 231 Note Set 18 S2007abn 1 Beam Bending Stresses and Shear Stress Pure Bending in Beams With bending moments along the axis of the member only, a beam is said to be in pure bending. Normal stresses due to bending can be found for homogeneous materials having a plane of symmetry in the y axis that follow Hooke’s law. Maximum Moment and Stress Distribution In a member of constant cross section, the maximum bending moment will govern the design of the section size when we know what kind of normal stress is caused by it. For internal equilibrium to be maintained, the bending moment will be equal to the ∑M from the normal stresses × the areas × the moment arms. Geometric fit helps solve this statically indeterminate problem: 1. The normal planes remain normal for pure bending. 2. There is no net internal axial force. 3. Stress varies linearly over cross section. 4. Zero stress exists at the centroid and the line of centroids is the neutral axis (n. a) x y ENDS 231 Note Set 18 S2007abn 2 Relations for Beam Geometry and Stress Pure bending results in a circular arc deflection. R is the distance to the center of the arc; θ is the angle of the arc (radians); c is the distance from the n.a. to the extreme fiber; fmax is the maximum normal stress at the extreme fiber; y is a distance in y from the n.a.; M is the bending moment; I is the moment of inertia; S is the section modulus. Now: for a rectangle of height h and width b: RELATIONS: *Note: y positive goes DOWN. With a positive M and y to the bottom fiber as positive, it results in a TENSION stress (we’ve called positive) Transverse Loading in Beams We are aware that transverse beam loadings result in internal shear and bending moments. We designed sections based on bending stresses, since this stress dominates beam behavior. There can be shear stresses horizontally within a beam member. It can be s