Ground-state properties of one-dimensional ultracold Bose gases in a hard-wall trap.pdf

a r X i v : c o n d - m a t / 0 6 0 2 4 8 3 v 4 [ c o n d - m a t .s t r - e l ] 1 9 J u n 2 0 0 6 Ground state properties of one-dimensional ultracold Bose gases in a hard-wall trap Yajiang Hao,1, 2 Yunbo Zhang,1 J. Q. Liang,1 and Shu Chen2, ? 1Department of Physics and Institute of Theoretical Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, P. R. China 2Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, P. R. China (Dated: February 6, 2008) We investigate the ground state of the system of N bosons enclosed in a hard-wall trap interacting via a repulsive or attractive δ-function potential. Based on the Bethe ansatz method, the explicit ground state wave function is derived and the corresponding Bethe ansatz equations are solved numerically for the full physical regime from the Tonks limit to the strongly attractive limit. It is shown that the solution takes different form in different regime. We also evaluate the one body density matrix and second-order correlation function of the ground state for finite systems. In the Tonks limit the density profiles display the Fermi-like behavior, while in the strongly attractive limit the Bosons form a bound state of N atoms corresponding to the N-string solution. The density profiles show the continuous crossover behavior in the entire regime. Further the correlation function indicates that the Bose atoms bunch closer as the interaction constant decreases. PACS numbers: 03.75.Hh,05.30.Jp,67.40.Db,03.65.-w The physics of one-dimensional (1D) cold atoms has recently attracted a great amount of attention due to tremendous experimental progress in the realization of trapped 1D cold atom systems [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]. A 1D quantum gas is obtained by tightly confining the particle motion in two directions to zero point oscillations [6]. As the radial degrees of freedom is frozen, the quantum gas is effectively described by a 1D model along the longitu- dinal di