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Implications of the Quark Mass Hierarchy on Flavor Mixings.pdf

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Implications of the Quark Mass Hierarchy on Flavor Mixings

a r X i v : h e p - p h / 9 6 0 9 2 0 4 v 1 3 0 A u g 1 9 9 6 DPNU-96-39 August 1996 Implications of the Quark Mass Hierarchy on Flavor Mixings Zhi-zhong Xing 1 Department of Physics, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-01, Japan Abstract We stress that the observed pattern of flavor mixings can be partly interpreted by the quark mass hierarchy without the assumption of specific quark mass matrices. The quan- titatively proper relations between the Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix elements and quark mass ratios, such as |Vcb| ≈ |Vts| ≈ √ 2 ( ms mb ? mc mt )[ 1 + 3 ( ms mb + mc mt )] , are obtainable from a simple Ansatz of flavor permutation symmetry breaking at the weak scale. We prescribe the same Ansatz at the supersymmetric grand unified theory scale, and find that its all low-energy consequences on flavor mixings and CP violation are in good agreement with current experimental data. PACS number(s): 12.15.Ff, 11.30.Hv, 11.30.Pb, 12.10.Dm 1Electronic address: xing@eken.phys.nagoya-u.ac.jp 1 1 Introduction The discovery of the top quark at Fermilab fulfilled the three-family quark picture in the stan- dard electroweak model. Up to now, some knowledge on the mass spectra of (u, c, t) and (d, s, b) quarks has been accumulated through both experimental and theoretical (or phenomenological) attempts [1]. The ratios of quark mass eigenvalues are obtainable after one renormalizes them to a common reference scale, e.g., μ = 1 GeV or MZ . There exists a clear mass hierarchy in each quark sector: mu ? mc ? mt ; md ? ms ? mb . (1.1) In comparison, the masses of three charged leptons manifest a similar hierarchical pattern [2]. Quark mass eigenstates are related to quark weak (flavor) eigenstates by the Kobayashi- Maskawa (KM) matrix V [3], which provides a quite natural description of flavor mixings and CP violation in the standard model. To date, many experimental constraints on the magnitudes of the KM matrix elements have been achieved. The unitarity of V together wit