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Interference of mesoscopic particles quantum--classical transition
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Interference of mesoscopic particles: quantum–classical transition
P. Facchi,1, 2 S. Pascazio,3, 2 and T. Yoneda3, 4
1Dipartimento di Matematica, Universita? di Bari, I-70125 Bari, Italy
2INFN, Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
3Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita? di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
4School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 4-24-1 Kuhonji, 862-0976 Kumamoto, Japan
(Dated: February 1, 2008)
We analyze the double slit interference of a mesoscopic particle. We calculate the visibility of the
interference pattern, introduce a characteristic temperature that defines the onset to decoherence
and scrutinize the conditions that must be satisfied for an interference experiment to be possible.
PACS numbers: 03.75.-b; 03.65.Yz; 82.60.Qr; 03.75.Dg
Introduction - Interference is one of the most charac-
teristic traits of quantum systems. As Dirac clarified [1],
this phenomenon is rooted in the superposition principle,
according to which different states of a single quantum
mechanical particle interfere with each other. The sim-
plest case is that of two states: double slit interference
has been observed with photons, electrons, neutrons,
atoms and small molecules [2], and recently even with
large molecular clusters [3]. Our comprehension of the
quantum mechanical world has been shaped, to a large
extent, by the ideas that motivated these experiments.
Quantum particles interfere, but classical particles do
not, and it is not easy to understand where the borderline
has to be placed. The size of the interfering system plays
an important role, but it is certainly not the only rele-
vant variable: for example, double slit interference has
been observed with molecules, but not with protons. In
this Letter we will analyze the interference of mesoscopic
systems, endowed with an internal structure which leads
to entanglement with their environment (e.g., via pho-
ton emission). An example is a fulle
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