lecture 7 SOFC.pptVIP

2011 SpringFuel Cell and Electrochemistry Lecture 4: AFC PAFC SOFC components Electrolyte criteria Dense and leak tight Stable in reducing and oxidising environments A good ionic conductor at operating temperatures Non-electron conductor Thin to reduce ionic resistance Extended in area for maximum current capacity Thermal shock resistant Economically processable YSZ shows High conductivity at temperatures above 700 °C with negligible electronic conductivity; SOFC components Anodes Ni-YSZ Sensitivity to sulfur and other contaminants; Oxidation reduction intolerance; CTE is substantially higher than the electrolyte and cathode; Poor activity for direct oxidation of hydrocarbons and propensity for carbon formation when exposed to hydrocarbons Other anode Doped LaCrO3, higher sulfur tolerance SOFC components Cathode La0.8Sr0.2MnO3?(LSM) good electronic conductivity matching heat expansion coefficient. mix LSM with YSZ at 50/50 proportion to form the first surface on the electrolyte.(1000C) La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3?(LSCF) lower power losses at lower temperatures less susceptibility to poisoning by Cr used with ceria based electrolytes. Interconnect—Doped LaCrO3 (1) Conductivity Perovskite structure; P-type conductor; Dope Ca2+, Sr2+ at La3+ site, Mg2+, Ni2+, Co2+, Cu2+ at Cr3+ High PO2 Low PO2 (nonstoichiometric), σ decrease High T, VO¨ increase, σ decrease Above 800 C, σ is sufficient Interconnect—Doped LaCrO3 (2) Thermal expansion In fuel and air atmosphere, nonlinear thermal expansion Phase transformation from the orthorhombic to rhombohedral structure; In reducing atmospheres, nonlinear expansion more serious Lattice expansion: cation size of Cr4+ (0.69?) →Cr3+ (0.755?); High repulsion between Cr4+ ,as bridge oxygen ions removed; Higher dopping level, more vacancy of oxygen, Larger TEC Interconnect—Doped LaCrO3 (3) problems Low mechanical properties; Poor sintering behavior; High cost; Popular in Tubular SOFC Interconnect—Chromi