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metallic nanowire networks-effect of thermal annealing on electrical resistance.pdf

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metallic nanowire networks-effect of thermal annealing on electrical resistance

Nanoscale PAPER Cite this: DOI: 10.1039/c4nr04151h Received 22nd July 2014, Accepted 17th September 2014 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr04151h /nanoscale Metallic nanowire networks: effects of thermal annealing on electrical resistance D. P. Langley,a,b M. Lagrange,a G. Giusti,a C. Jiménez,a Y. Bréchet,c N. D. Nguyenb and D. Bellet*a Metallic nanowire networks have huge potential in devices requiring transparent electrodes. This article describes how the electrical resistance of metal nanowire networks evolve under thermal annealing. Understanding the behavior of such films is crucial for the optimization of transparent electrodes which find many applications. An in-depth investigation of silver nanowire networks under different annealing conditions provides a case study demonstrating that several mechanisms, namely local sintering and des- orption of organic residues, are responsible for the reduction of the systems electrical resistance. Optim- ization of the annealing led to specimens with transmittance of 90% (at 550 nm) and sheet resistance of 9.5 Ω sq?1. Quantized steps in resistance were observed and a model is proposed which provides good agreement with the experimental results. In terms of thermal behavior, we demonstrate that there is a maximum thermal budget that these electrodes can tolerate due to spheroidization of the nanowires. This budget is determined by two main factors: the thermal loading and the wire diameter. This result enables the fabrication and optimization of transparent metal nanowire electrodes for solar cells, organic electronics and flexible displays. 1. Introduction Metallic nanowires (NWs) have recently received increasing interest due to their potential application as interconnects and as essential components in nanoelectronics.1 Metallic NW networks are also promising candidates to be used as a trans- parent conductive material for many industrial purposes. Their physical and chemical properties differ from the properties of the bulk material a