Chapter7vectorandFreeStore課件.pptVIP

void* To use a void* we must tell the compiler what it points to void f(void* pv) { void* pv2 = pv; // copying is ok (copying is what void*s are for) double* pd = pv; // error: can’t implicitly convert void* to double* *pv = 7; // error: you can’t dereference a void* // good! (The int 7 is not represented like the double 7.0) pv[2] = 9; // error: you can’t subscript a void* pv++; // error: you can’t increment a void* int* pi = static_castint*(pv); // ok: explicit conversion // … } A static_cast can be used to explicitly convert to a pointer to object type static_cast is a deliberately ugly name for an ugly (and dangerous) operation – use it only when absolutely necessary * Stroustrup/Programming void* void* is the closest C++ has to a plain machine address Some system facilities require a void* Remember FLTK callbacks? Address is a void*: typedef void* Address; void Lines_window::cb_next(Address,Address) * Stroustrup/Programming Pointers and references Think of a reference as an automatically dereferenced pointer Or as “an alternative name for an object” A reference must be initialized The value of a reference cannot be changed after initialization int x = 7; int y = 8; int* p = x; *p = 9; p = y; // ok int r = x; x = 10; r = y; // error (and so is all other attempts to change what r refers to) * Stroustrup/Programming Next lecture The next lecture discusses copying and arrays * Stroustrup/Programming Chapter 17vector and Free Store Bjarne Stroustrup /Programming Abstract Vector is not just the most useful standard container, it is also provides examples of some of the most important/powerful/interesting implementation techniques. In this and the following lectures, we go through a series of increasingly sophisticated vector implementations, seeing classical problems related to use of memory and providing solutions. Here, we discuss free store (heap storage) management, and pointers. * Stroustrup/Programming Overview Vector revisited How are t