使用被動语态的情况.pptVIP

* * 使用被动语态的情况 1)我们不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁的时候(这时不带by引起的短语)。 Printing was introduced to Europe from China.(省略了by短语。） Look! There is nothing here. Everything has been taken away. (省略了by短语。） 2)当我们出于礼貌、措辞圆通等方面的考虑不愿说出动作的执行者是谁时。 You are requested to give a performance. You are cordially(诚挚地） invited to a party to be given at the Teachers Club at 3 p.m. Nov. 23. 3)当我们强调或兴趣在动作的承受者时(这时可带by引起的短语)。 The song was composed（组成, 写作）by a student. A good time was had by all. Unit 7 被动语态 被动语态由be＋过去分词构成，be随时态的变化而变化。以give为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为： 一般现在时：am/is/are＋given 　　【例句】 　　The first section of New College English is designed for speaking practice and is based on pictures and topics. 一般过去时：was/were＋given 　　【例句】 　　These computers were made in our own country. 一般将来时：will/shall be＋given 　　【例句】 　　Shall we be asked to attend the opening ceremony? 　　Sir Denis, who is 78, has made it known that much of his collection ____to the nation. (CET-4 1996, 6) 　　A) has left B) is to leave　C) leaves D) is to be left 本句意思为：78岁的Denis先生声明他将把他的大多数收藏品留给国家。所以leave应用一般将来时的被动形式。一般将来时可以用来be to do sth表达，因此答案为D. 　　 被动语态的构成 过去将来时：would be＋given 　　【例句】 　　The news would be sent to the soldiers mother as soon as it arrived. 　　现在进行时：am/is/are being＋given 　　【例句】 　　The machine is being repaired in the workshop. The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, are ____and perfected now. ( CET-4 1996,1) 　　A) developed B) have developed C) are being developed D) will have been developed 　　本句测试点是动词的时态和语态。develop和perfect是两个并列的谓语动词，perfect用的是被动形式，develop也应该用被动形式，而且句子的时间状语为now，故develop应用现在进行时的被动语态，答案为C。 过去进行时：was/were being＋given 　　【例句】 　　The feast was being prepared when the birds arrived in the sky 现在完成时：has/have been＋given 　　【例句】 　　Swift progress has also been made in culture and education. 过去完成时：had been＋given 【例句】 The huge bridge had been damaged before the World WarⅡ. 　　 将来完成时：will/shall have been＋given 【例句】 The book will have been published