陈志贤情态动词.docVIP

情态动词 定义：具有一定的词汇意义，同时起着助动词的作用，a 没有非限定形式；b 没有人称和数的变化；c 同不带to的动词构成限定动词词组（ought to/have to除外）；d 一词多义；might/could/would 是may/can/will的过去形式，但在很多情况下并不表示过去的时间，而表示客气婉转的语气和表示虚拟的语气。 一、词类：四can/could/must/may/might/shall/should/need/dare/will/would/ought to/used to/had better/would rather 二、特点： 1）情态动词本身有词义, 但词义不完全. 2）不能单独作谓语,只能和动词原形一起构成谓语. 3）情态动词没有人称和数的变化( 除“have to”外). He has to/had to/will have to go home now. 4）没有不定式、-ing 分词、-ed 分词形式. 肯定句 must \ should \ can \ could \ may \ might 否定句 can’t \ couldn’t/have to 疑问句 can \ could 三、考点 1.情态动词表示推测 2. 情态动词 + have done 结构； 3.情态动词基本用法. 重点：can/could/must/should/would/may/might 按可能性从大到小排列列表如下: mustshould cancouldmay might 四、用法 1. May/might 表示“许可”“可能性”，might表示请求、建议，译为“该、请”; may/ might not用于否定句中表“可能不”，而不是“不可能”。 表推测时，might不是may的过去式，could不是can的过去时，而是表示might/ could的可能性比may/ can还小，所以，上述情态动词的过去式并不表示对过去的情况进行推测。 Mum might be sleeping in the room. 妈妈可能正在房间里睡觉 Some people who don’t like to talk much are not necessarily shy; they may just be quiet people. May/might as well “不妨、最好、倒不如等”；“may well“表有理由地、可能地” You may well say so. 你很有理由这样说It may well be that he will do so. 那很可能是他要这样做It may be as well to stop that young screamer. 但是最好还是让那个大哭大叫的孩子住声You may as well say so. 你不妨可以这样说We might as well make the experiment. 我们倒不如可以做那项实验了Must 1) must用于各人称的现在时和将来时表强制，若为过去则用have to，must 表过去需置于作宾语从句或直接引语中，must的形式不作变化； We had to make an early start this morning. He told me I must be there at five. It’s the office! So you must know eating is not allowed here. It must have been Tom that parked the car here, as he is the only one with a car. 2) 二者都表示“必须”，have to 表示客观需要，must表示主观需要 This TV set does not work, we have to buy a new one. I don’t like this TV set, we must buy a new one. 3) 用于表习惯性动作或计划中安排好的将来活动，常用have to的一般现在时 I have to get up at seven o’clock. We have to be there at ten tomorrow. 4) not与must搭配，否定的是其后的动词 You must not keep us waiting. You must oblige me by not keeping us all waiting. must在疑问句中用来征求别人的意见，是否必须做某事，