不定式、现在分词和过去分词.ppt

非谓语动词 语法讲解;I.非谓语动词时态、语态形式对照表：;2.非谓语动词在句中可作的语法成份;1.非谓语动词大都可在句中作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语等.;1.Swimming is his favourite sport. 2.He enjoys swimming. 3.I found him swimming in the river. 4.His favourite sport is swimming. 5.He is the man swimming in the river just now. 6. Swimming in Summer ,we can get cool.; 1.This cup is broken. 2.This is a broken cup. 3.I found the cup broken. 4.Broken by Tom, the cup can’t be used. ★过去分词一般不作主语、宾语.;3.分词的用法比较 A.在时态上 1.China is a developing country =a country which is developing. 2.Japan is a developed country =a country which has developed. 3.I found him gone. =that he had gone.(表完成）;▲B.在语态上，ing分词表“主动”，ed分词表“被动”（多为及物动词）;▲C.分词的完成式一般不用来作定语，只能用作状语.;D.▲ed+主句（不强调时间先后）;Being ed+主句（强调主句和从句动作同时发生）;Having been ed+主句（强调时间先后）如不强调时间先后可用ed,一般式来代替. ;4.非谓语动词的用法区别不定式和动名词作宾语的区别：;(2)下列动词通常用~ing形式作宾语：;(3)下列动词接不定式与接~ing形式意义相近：;I prefer to stay at home today．(具体某次行为) He prefers walking to cycling．(惯常行为) *一般说来不能用于进行时的动词如：realize，know，understand，see，lose等，多用不定式 如：I began to realize I had been wrong. We hate to lose the chance . Now we are beginning to see it more clearly. ;(4)下列动词接不定式与接~ing形式意义不同：;③remember to do记得要做某事(此事未做)/ remember doing记得某事已做过(此事已做) e.g.：I remember seeing her once somewhere． You must remember to take your umbrella when you leave home． ④go on to do继续做另一件事 go on doing接着做同一件事 e.g. ：She stood up and shook hands with me, and then she went on writing something． AfterIfinishedmyhomework,1wentontoreadthenovel． ⑤try to do企图／想做某事 try doing试着做某事(看看有什么后果发生) e.g. ：We tried to persuade him to go with us, but he wouldn’t listen． Lets try doing the work some other way.;⑥mean to do (意思是) 打算做某事 mean doing意味着做某事 e.g. ：Revolution means librating the productive force． Sorry ,I didnt mean to hurt you． ⑦regret to do遗憾地做某事(通常后接say ,tell等动词)/ regret doing后悔做了某事 e.g. ：I regret to tell that you didn’t pass the exam again． He regretted having told her the bad news．;(5)动词如： (permit ,allow，admit，for