英语语法——独立主格结构程序.doc

PAGE  PAGE 20 英语语法第八章独立主格结构 非谓语动词作状语时，它的逻辑主语应该是句子的主语。但有时非谓语动词带有自己的主语，从而在结构上与主语不发生关系，我们称之为独立主格结构（Absolute Construction）。其实，所谓“独立主格结构”也并非真正独立，它还是一种从属的结构。 一、?非谓语动词独立主格结构 在独立主格结构中，非谓语动词和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。? Such an able man to help you，you will surely succeed sooner or later.?? ? 有这么能干的人来帮你, 你迟早一定会成功的。（such an able man和 to help you 之间存在着主谓关系）? = Since such an able man will help you, you will surely succeed sooner or later.? He seating himself at the desk, his mother began to tell him a story.? 他在书桌旁坐好后，他母亲开始给他讲故事。（seating himself at the desk???有了自己的逻辑主语he，注意是“主格”）? = When he seated himself at the desk, his mother began to tell him a story.? The key to the bike lost, he had to walk to school.? 由于丢了自行车钥匙，他只好步行去学校。（lost 的逻辑主语是the key，lost 也可以用完成式having been lost）? = Because the key to the bike had been lost, he had to walk to school. A．?不定式“独立主格结构” 在“逻辑主语+动词不定式”结构中，动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。这种结构也可用一个从句或并列分句来表达。 1．动词不定式用主动的形式? 在独立主格结构中，动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。? His mother to come tonight，he is busy preparing the dinner.? 他母亲今晚要来,他正在忙着准备饭菜。（= As his mother is to come tonight, he is busy preparing the dinner.）? ——will you go to the concert tonight?? 你今晚去听音乐会吗？? ——Sorry.So many exercise-books to check,I really cant afford any time.? 对不起，有这多的作业要批，我真的抽不出时间。? （＝Because I shall check so many exercise-books tonight,I really cant afford any time.）? The four of us agreed on a division of labor,each to translate a quarter of the book.? 我们四人同意分工干，每人翻译全书的四分之一。? （＝The four of us agreed on a division of labor and each is to translate a quarter of the book.）? Many trees, flowers, and grass to be planted, our newly-built school will look even more beautiful.? 种上许多的树，花和草后，我们新建的学校将看上去更美。(=If many trees,flowers,and grass are planted,our newly-built school will look even more beautiful.) B．-ing形式“独立主格结构” 动词的-ing形式作状语时，其逻辑主语一般应与句子的主语保持一致。? Being ill, he went home.? ?由于生病,他回家了。（= As he was very ill, he went home.）? Seating himself at the desk, he began to rea