2009讲稿(第1章).pptVIP

Chapter 1. Colloid and Interface Chemistry;Definition of dispersion ： Dispersion（dispersion system) dispersed phase(分散相) continuous phase(连续相) or dispersion medium(分散介质) Any solid, liquid and gas can be as a dispersed phase or continuous phase.;2. Classification of dispersions(分散体系分类) True solution(分子分散体系): There is not interface between dispersed phase and dispersion medium. Colloid dispersion(colloid solution)(胶体分散体系: Linear dimension of particles is between 1 and 1000（100）nm. Coarse dispersion(粗分散体系): Dimension of particles 1000 nm.;3. Classification of colloids(胶体体系分类);(1) Lyophilic colloids: Macromolecular solution Polymer solution. B. Micelle(胶束、胶团) solution Micelles are clusters（团、束） of small molecules that form spontaneously（自发的） in aqueous solution mostly. Micelle solution is often called association colloids（缔合胶体）.; Type of micelle Cylindrical micelle Bilayer Bilayer vesicle Inverted micelle Microtubule;Why? A. The size of macromolecules and micelles is in the range of 1-1000 nm. B. There is not interface between dispersed phase and continuous phase. The solution is stable thermodynamically（热力学）. C. Properties of the solutions like colloids. such as optical（光学的）, rheological（流变的） properties.;(2) Lyophobic colloids： There is a interface between dispersed phase and continuous phase, the colloids are unstable thermodynamically. Lyophobic colloids are known by a variety of terms, depending on the nature of the phases involved.;Continuous phase;After water flooding Reservoir is a dispersion system of water, crude and rock are both dispersed and continue phase.;4. Stability of colloids; Finely subdivided（精细粉碎的） dispersions(lyophobic colloids) of two phases do not form spontaneously when the two phase are brought together. If such a dispersion is allowed to stand long enough, the reverse（相反的） process would spontaneously occur（发生） (separation of phases, unstable). ;From thermodynamics that sp