桥梁论文汶川地震桥梁震害模糊综合评估方法研究.doc

桥梁论文：汶川地震桥梁震害模糊综合评估方法研究 【中文摘要】近年来全球进入了地震高发期,相当多的大地震造成了惨重的人员伤亡和经济损失。大地震对交通设施造成了严重毁坏,特别是桥梁结构的损坏较为严重。桥梁的破坏严重阻碍了抗震救灾工作的进行,从而造成更严重的损失。过去我国桥梁的抗震设防标准偏低,已建的大部分桥梁的抗震能力较低。桥梁震后评估和易损性分析可为灾后加固重建工作提供必要依据,是防震救灾的基础工作之一“5.12”汶川大地震造成大量交通生命线工程破坏,交通设施的损失就达670亿元,其中桥梁损毁最为严重。本文以汶川大地震为背景,对部分线路中破坏明显的桥梁进行分析。在调查资料的基础上对桥梁的震后评估方法展开研究,并提出桥梁模糊易损性分析方法。通过对汶川地震中部分线路上受损桥梁震害资料的分析,总结了灾区桥梁的抗震性能、桥梁抗震设计存在的问题。详细介绍模糊理论方法以及多层次模糊综合评判方法,考虑到震害资料的特点,基于模糊数学理论建立桥梁震后多层次模糊综合评估的评估模型,并开发相应的Matlab程序。在模糊综合评估的基础上提出桥梁震后修复费用的计算方法,从直接损失和间接损失两方面计算出桥梁震后修复模糊费用。从传统的经验方法和理论计算方法简述桥梁地震易损性分析理论,总结出传统方法的优缺点以及存在的问题。基于模糊综合评估理论、模糊概率和可能性概率分布理论,提出简支梁桥地震模糊易损性分析方法。对收集的桥梁震害资料分别进行模糊综合评估,将评估结果分类统计分析,从墩台形式、桥梁跨数、桥梁主跨跨度和桥址基本烈度四个方面得到桥梁的模糊易损性曲线。模糊易损性考虑了地震易损性分析中无法避免的二维不确定性,即桥梁震害评估中存在的不确定性以及由于样本数据较小引起的不确定性,是一种计算过程简单明了、值得推广的桥梁地震易损性分析方法。 【英文摘要】In recent years, the world entered a period of high frequency of earthquake happening. The earthquakes occurred in most countries have caused heavy casualties and economic losses. Traffic facilities are seriously damaged in the earthquakes, especially to the bridge structures. The destruction of bridges in earthquake is a serious impediment to the relief work after the disaster, thereby causing more damages. In the past, bridge seismic standards are comparatively low, most of our bridges have been built in low seismic capacity. These studies, which are basic works in an earthquake, can provide theory references for post-disaster reconstruction and reinforcement work.”5.12” Wenchuan earthquake destroyed a large number of transport lifelines. The economic losses of transportation facilities amounted to 67 billion Yuan, in which the bridge damage is the most serious. Under this background, some significant damages on the part of the bridge circuit are investigated and studied in this paper. Based on the investigation, the method of post-earthquake bridge evaluation is researched and the method of bridge fuzzy-vulnerability is proposed.Through the analysi