2013-2014学年高中英语选修7同步辅导与检测：Unit4Sharing第四学时.ppt

第四学时　Grammar;定语从句 一、关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词代替先行词，指人或物，并在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 1．who，whom 代替的先行词是指人的名词或代词，that代替的先行词可以是人，也可以是物。 它们在从句中所起的作用如下：;Is he the man who/that wants to see you？(who/that在从句中作主语) He is the man whom/that I saw yesterday. (whom/that在从句中作宾语) 2．whose 用来指人或物(只用作定语，若指物，它还可以同of which互换)，例如： They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. Please pass me the book whose cover (the cover of which) is green.;3．which所代替的先行词是指事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如： A prosperity which/that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. (which/that在从句中作宾语) 乡村出现了前所未有的繁荣。 The package (which/that) they are carrying is too heavy. (which/that在从句中作宾语) 他们抬的那个包裹太重了。;二、关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词when，where，why先行词是时间、地点或原因的名词，在从句中作状语。 关系副词when，where，why的含义相当于“介词＋ which”结构。例如： Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 关系副词在定语从句中只能作状语。如果先行词是表示时间、地点、原因的名词，但关系词在定语从句中充当主语或宾语，关系词就不能用when，where，why，而要用which，that。例如：;I will never forget the days which/that we spent together. This is the factory that/which they built ten years ago. 判断改错： (错)This is the mountain village where I visited last year. (错)I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. (对)This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year. (对)I’ll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside. 习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where，when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。;典型例题;例1变为肯定句： This museum is ________ you visited a few days ago. 例2变为肯定句： This is the museum ________ the exhibition was held. 在例1中，定语从句缺少先行词，而where，that，on which都不能充当先行词。只有the one既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，关系代词which/that被省略，所以应选D。 而例2中，主、系、表俱全，从句中没有状语，所以用where，即选A。;三、限制性和非限制性定语从句 1．定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。例如： This is the house which we bought last month.(限制性) The house，which we bought last month，is very nice.(非限制性) 2．当先行词是专有名词或被物主代词或指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的