医学长句和难句的翻译.pptVIP

徐育年 ;;;首先分析句子的语法结构,然后搞清句子的逻辑关系(因果、时间、条件等),最后按照汉语的习惯和表达方式,正确译出原文的意思,但不必拘泥于原文的形式。;;;;长句的翻译方法多种多样,但基本原则有两条,即拆句和改变顺序。拆句是把原文的一个句子拆成汉语的几个分句,改变顺序指的是按汉语表达习惯,重新排列拆出的分句。依据这两条原则,实际翻译时,一般可采用下列译法。 ;如果长句的叙事层次依次相接,与汉语的习惯大体相同,可按原文顺序翻译。有时为了使前后语气衔接,可增加必要的词语。 Due to the deposit left by evaporating perspiration, the collection of oily, and adhering dirt, it is necessary to clean the skin regularly. 译文 : 由于汗蒸发留下的沉积物,油状皮脂物质的聚集和粘着的污垢,经常清洁皮肤是必要的。 ;　当英语长句的叙述层次与汉语习惯相反,若硬按原文词序翻译就会造成概念模糊,译文不通。这时,就必须逆着原文顺序翻译。 The information thus obtained is of no value unless the physician is familiar with the ways in which various maladies affect the body to be able to select and correlate the pertinent facts in any given case and to recognize the clinical pictures which they indicate. 译文:如果医生不熟悉各种疾病感染机体的方式,不能在任何特定的疾病中选择出有关的事实,把它们联系起来,并认识这些事实所表示的临床征象,那么这样得到的资料是没有价值的。 ;当长句中的主句与从句,分词短语、介词短语等与所修饰的词之间的关系不很紧密,各自具有相对的独立性时,往往可把这种从句或短语分开来翻译,译成独立的句子。为了使前后语气连贯,可酌情增减适当的词。 A woman aged 29 was seen four weeks after a third uncomplicated pregnancy and delivery with a-week history of lower back pain. 译文:一女性患者,29岁,第三次妊娠和分娩时无任何并发症,四周后下背部疼痛持续一周。 ;医学英语着重描写的是事物的过程,不是动作的执行者,而且被动结构能给读者以客观、不带个人感情色彩的印象,所以被动句在医学文献中应用很广。翻译时不能一概沿用原文的句式结构,通常要将被动语态转化为主动结构,用规范的汉语表达方式,忠实而恰当地反映出原作的真实含义。;;; Much has been learnt about their clinical features, course and prognosis. 译文:关于其临床特征,病程及预后,已知甚详。 This method is preferred in a patient with a bleeding tendency since the periphery of a cauterized area may begin to bleed. 译文 : 由于烧灼区周围还可能再出血,对有出血倾向的患者宜用此法。 ; In this investigation, thirty adolescent and young adults were interviewed between eight and twenty years after they had attended a children’s hospital with the main complaint of recurrent abdominal pain. 译文 : 在本次调查中,作者访问了 30 名出院已 8～20 年的少年及青年,他们都曾因反复 腹痛住过儿童医院。 ;;Prevention of such disease as diphtheria, smallpox, poliomyelitis and measles has been accomplished by active immunization. 译文:主动免疫使像白喉、天花、小儿麻痹和麻疹这样的病得以预防。 Pain may be treated with drugs, physical measures or surgery. 译文:药物、物理疗法或外