计算机程式 (应系).pdf

Introduction to Programming 計算機程式 (應數系) Lecture 2 Spring 2005 Feb. 25, 2005 程式設計基本觀念 Algorithm vs. Function A (Mathematical) Function is a set of ordered pairs. a mapping between two sets f: A ? B A B An algorithm computes a function. fun algorithm NCCU C Programming 3 Program vs. Algorithm ?What is an algorithm? ? An algorithm is a step by step solution to a problem. A well ordered collection. . . Of unambiguous and effectively operations. . . That produces a result. . . And halts in a finite amount of time. ?A program implement an algorithm. Programming: Develop a program to solve some problem using the computer. NCCU C Programming 4 Program: Input/Output and Processing ?Program Input Output Computer Instructions (processing) ? We need to output something, at least. ? Input and Output in C are provided thru library functions. NCCU C Programming 5 Programming Languages ?Languages for programming ?Different Levels: ?High-Level Programming Languages ?Assembly Languages ?Machine Languages NCCU C Programming 6 Translation of High-Level Programs swap(int v[], int k) { int temp; ?High level: C / Java / Pascal temp = v[k]; ?Low level: Assembly v[k] = v[k+1]; ?Machine Language v[k+1] = temp; } C Compiler 目的碼 (Object code)。 swap: